Production and Fate of Acrylate in Seawater

三十多年来，海洋学家和大气科学家一直在研究二甲基硫（DMS）和二甲基磺基丙酸盐（DMSP），因为它们构成了一个地球化学系统的基础，该系统将硫从海洋转移到大气中，影响地球。辐射平衡和气候。通过这些研究，我们了解到二甲硫醚和二甲基甲硅烷基硫酸钠也对海洋的生态和化学产生重大影响。对DMS（P）海洋生物地球化学的深入研究表明，DMS（P）的循环比最初想象的要复杂得多，但这也使我们在很大程度上忽视了DMS（P）循环中一个非常有趣和重要的组成部分，即丙烯酸酯，这是DMSP通过DMSP裂解酶降解形成的产物。令人惊讶的是，人们对海洋中的丙烯酸酯浓度、通量或影响知之甚少，尽管浓度和通量有时应该很大，特别是在世界各地常见的富含DMSP的藻类大量繁殖期间？海洋中的有毒物质，通常是有害或有毒的。在这项研究中，纽约州立大学环境科学与林业学院的研究人员将进行为期三年的实验室和实地研究，以研究海洋丙烯酸酯循环的几个基本方面。本研究的主要目的是：（1）确定丙烯酸酯在不同海洋沃茨中的光解动力学和波长依赖性;（2）确定无菌藻培养物中细胞和溶解的丙烯酸酯浓度，并评估这些浓度如何响应营养或光胁迫和生长阶段而变化;和（3）通过参加两次墨西哥湾研究考察，确定溶解和颗粒丙烯酸酯浓度、光解率和对比海水中的生物损失率。 更广泛的影响：这项研究的结果预计将显着提高我们的海洋丙烯酸酯循环及其对上层海洋地球化学的影响的基本认识。该项目将建立和促进研究和教育合作，为这些学生，特别是研究生，通过几个途径，包括在国家和地方会议的参与，辅导，准备和提供大学水平的讲座，并在论坛上向公众介绍，如锡拉丘兹？米尔顿J.鲁宾斯坦科学博物馆。 两名研究生和一名访问中国学者将作为该项目的一部分接受培训，沿着还有几名本科生。 最后，PI将参加几项活动，以促进和促进教育，包括担任NSF STEM导师，在纽约州博览会上协调化学日，在当地K-12学校进行口头演讲，并指导SUNY ESF环境科学和化学学生。

For more than thirty years, oceanographers and atmospheric scientists have studied dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) because they form the basis of a biogeochemical system that transfers sulfur from the oceans to the atmosphere, affecting the Earth?s radiation balance and climate. Through these studies, we have learned that DMS and DMSP also significantly impact the ecology and chemistry of the oceans. The intensive effort to understand the marine biogeochemistry of DMS(P) has revealed that their cycling is much more complex than first imagined, but it has also caused us to largely overlook a highly interesting and important component of the DMS(P) cycle, namely acrylate, a product formed from the degradation of DMSP via DMSP lyase. Surprisingly little is known about acrylate concentrations, fluxes, or impacts in the oceans, even though concentrations and fluxes should at times be substantial, especially during blooms of DMSP-rich algae that are common throughout the world?s oceans and often harmful or toxic. In this study, researchers at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry will conduct a three-year laboratory and field study to examine several fundamental aspects of the marine acrylate cycle. The main objectives of the proposed research are: (1) to determine the kinetics and wavelength dependence for the photolysis of acrylate in contrasting oceanic waters; (2) to determine cellular and dissolved acrylate concentrations in axenic algal cultures and evaluate how these concentrations change in response to nutrient or light stress and growth stage; and (3) to determine dissolved and particulate acrylate concentrations, photolysis rates, and biological loss rates in contrasting oceanic water through participation in two Gulf of Mexico research cruises. Broader Impacts: Results from this study are expected to significantly improve our fundamental understanding of the marine acrylate cycle and its impact on the biogeochemistry of the upper oceans. The project will establish and foster research and educational collaborations for these students, especially the graduate students, through several avenues including participation at national and local meetings, mentoring, preparing for and delivering college-level lectures, and presentations made to the general public at forums such as Syracuse?s Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science. Two graduate students and a visiting Chinese scholar will be trained as part of this project, along with several undergraduates. Finally, the PI will participate in several activities to promote and foster education including serving as an NSF STEM mentor, co-coordinating Chemistry Day at the NY State Fair, giving oral presentations at local K-12 schools, and mentoring SUNY ESF Environmental Science and Chemistry students.