HCC: Small: Culture,Technology and Wellness: Approaches to Improving the Health and Wellness of US Americans

本研究的目的是研究将特定文化价值纳入与健康相关的信息通信技术如何可能增加采用这些信息通信技术的可能性，以及这些特定文化价值如何影响其实际使用。这项研究位于两个研究重点的交汇处，这两个研究重点在以人为中心的计算中获得了动力，并为两者的智力发展做出了贡献。首先，本研究通过在应用程序设计中明确考虑文化特定价值，为以人为中心的健康ICT研究领域做出了贡献。美国的医学证据表明，除非与文化相关，否则健康干预措施可能不会成功。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究试图明确地将文化特定的价值观纳入设计，或者评估使用中的价值敏感系统。这项研究的结果将显示如何将不同的价值设计到卫生信息通信技术中，以及这将如何影响它们的使用。它还将揭示当前卫生信息通信技术所隐含的价值。其次，有一组研究（主要是关于人机交互促进发展（HCI4D））认为，为了取得成功，在设计信息通信技术时必须明确考虑文化因素。考虑到这一点，就会产生重大的创新。这些文献为明确说明美国以外的文化提供了一个令人信服的案例，但同时指出了一个令人惊讶的遗漏：关于美国境内文化多样性的ICT含义的知识。这项研究通过展示对文化价值观的明确关注如何导致健康和保健的变革性社会技术系统来解决这一差距。此外，正如HCI4D文献中所报道的那样，关注文化特定价值观也提供了反思方法、框架和系统中嵌入的假设的机会，这些方法、框架和系统指导以人为中心的研究。该项目将集中在三个领域，每个领域回答不同的研究问题。1)价值发现的影响以及包含这些价值的信息通信技术的设计和评估。系统有价值的想法是HCC研究的既定发现。价值敏感设计（VSD）明确主张在系统设计中考虑价值。拟议的工作将通过经验识别价值并将其设计成提供与文化相关的健康信息的信息通信技术，将设计中的价值研究带入健康领域。对每项干预措施的评价将侧重于采用和拒绝模式，特别侧重于与系统所设计的价值有关的使用（或不使用）。2)文化差异对协作模式的影响。协作是卫生的重要组成部分；朋友和家人的支持是对个人的补充？S健康管理。然而，公共卫生研究人员发现，协作，特别是合作，在各种亚文化中从家庭延伸到社区。这些结果表明，通过询问围绕卫生实践的相互作用的性质和模式，存在改进我们对合作的理解的机会。问题集中在共享的内容、谁在与谁沟通以及如何沟通、信息通信技术在哪些方面最有希望支持现有的合作模式以及开发全新的合作模式。3)基础设施差异如何为变革性解决方案提供机会。公共卫生研究表明，在低收入的少数民族社区中，适合文化的卫生创新尤其重要。但报告表明，这些社区对信息通信技术的采用正在增加，而且由于基础设施的差异，正在使用不同类型的系统。

The goal of this research is to examine how the incorporation of culturally specific values into health-related ICTs might increase the likelihood of their adoption, as well as how those culturally specific values bear on their practical use. This research sits at the intersection of two research thrusts that are gaining momentum within Human Centered Computing, and contribute to the intellectual development of both. First, this proposed research contributes to the human-centered health ICT research domain by explicitly accounting for culturally specific values in the design of applications. Medical evidence in the U.S. shows that health interventions will likely not succeed unless they are culturally relevant. And yet, little research to date has attempted to explicitly incorporate culturally specific values into design, or has evaluated value-sensitive systems in use. Results of this research will show how different values can be designed into health ICTs, and how that affects their usage. It will also surface the values implicit in current health ICTs. Second, there is a body of research (largely in Human Computer Interaction for Development (HCI4D)) that argues that culture must be explicitly taken into account in the design of ICTs for them to succeed. When it is accounted for, significant innovations can result. This literature makes a compelling case for explicitly accounting for cultures outside the United States, but simultaneously points to a surprising omission: knowledge about the ICT implications of cultural diversity within the United States. This research addresses that gap by showing how explicit attention to cultural values can lead to transformative socio-technical systems for health and wellness. Further, as has been reported within the HCI4D literature, focus on culturally specific values also provides opportunities to reflect on assumptions embedded within the methods, frameworks and systems that guide human-centered research. The project will focus on three areas, each answering different research questions. 1) Impact of value discovery and the design and evaluation of ICTs that incorporate those values. The idea that systems have values is an established research finding within HCC. Value Sensitive Design (VSD) explicitly argues for accounting for values in the design of systems. The proposed work will bring research on values in design into the health domain by empirically identifying values and designing them into ICTs that provide culturally relevant health information. Evaluations of each intervention will focus on adoption and rejection patterns with particular focus on use (or not) as related to the values designed into the system. 2) Impact of culturally distinct patterns of collaboration. Collaboration is an essential component of health; support of friends and family complements an individual?s health management. However, public health researchers find that collaboration, particularly cooperation, extends beyond the family to the community in various sub-cultures. These results suggest that opportunities exist to refine our understanding of collaboration, by asking questions about the nature and patterns of interactions surrounding health practices. Questions focus on what is being shared, who is communicating with whom and how, and where ICTs have the most promise for supporting existing modes of collaboration as well as developing entirely new ones.3) How infrastructure differences present an opportunity for transformative solutions. Public health research suggests that culturally tailored health innovations are particularly important in low-income minority communities. But reports suggest that ICT adoption is increasing among these communities, and also that different types of systems are being appropriated because of the differences in infrastructure.