SHF: Large: Phase-Based Logic Realized Using Oscillatory Nanosystems (PHLOGON)

几十年来，互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）小型化（摩尔定律）的指数级进展已经将计算能力提高到了改变科学和工程并触及现代社会各个方面的程度。如果计算机以同样的速度继续发展几十年，其影响可能会比目前所看到的更大。 不幸的是，在过去的十年里，摩尔定律越来越受到基本设计和制造限制的威胁。特别地，随着单个CMOS逻辑元件变得更小，它们也变得对噪声和干扰更敏感。 此外，CMOS元件消耗的功率与其尺寸不成比例;提供这种功率、散发产生的热量以及包含高温的不利影响都构成了摩尔定律的严重障碍。这个基于相位的逻辑使用振荡纳米系统（PHLOGON）的项目旨在通过一种根本不同的物理计算范式来规避这些问题：构成数字信息的比特和字节使用振荡的相位（或定时）来编码（即，波动）信号，而不是像传统计算中那样的电压电平。相位编码比电平编码具有固有的抗噪优势; PHLOGON在存储和操作数据位的最基本元素中充分利用了这一特性。PHLOGON的核心是由自持非线性振荡器（即，产生它们自己的波动信号的元件，如摆钟）。这样的振荡逻辑元件不仅可以使用CMOS晶体管容易地实现，而且可以使用来自生物学的器件（例如神经元和细胞内振荡器）、来自纳米技术的器件（例如自旋扭矩纳米振荡器（STNO）和微/纳米机电（M/NEMS）谐振器）以及来自光学器件（例如激光器）容易地实现。 因此，PHLOGON使各种各样的新的“基板”的计算。重要的是，其中一些（例如，CMOS和STNO）提供了比传统的基于电平的逻辑显著更低的功率/能量消耗的承诺。 通过开发基于相位的替代方案所需的核心知识，PHLOGON项目可以产生重大而广泛的影响，可能扭转摩尔定律的放缓，并使未来几十年计算基础的物理机制取得进展。

Exponential progress in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) miniaturization (Moore's Law) over decades has increased computing power to the point that it has transformed science and engineering and touched every aspect of modern society. Continuing progress in computing at the same rate for several more decades is likely to have an even greater impact than that seen so far. Unfortunately, over the last decade, Moore's Law has become increasingly threatened by fundamental design and manufacturing limitations that are being reached. In particular, as individual CMOS logic elements have become smaller, they have also become more sensitive to noise and interference. Moreover, CMOS elements consume power disproportionate to their size; supplying this power, dissipating the heat generated, and containing the adverse effects of high temperatures all constitute serious roadblocks to Moore's Law.This project on PHase based LOGic using Oscillatory Nano-systems (PHLOGON) aims to circumvent these problems via a fundamentally different physical paradigm for computing: the bits and bytes that constitute digital information are encoded using the phase (or timing) of oscillatory (i.e., undulating) signals, not as voltage levels as in conventional computing. Phase encoding has inherent noise immunity advantages over level encoding; PHLOGON exploits this feature fully within the most basic elements that store and manipulate data bits. The core of PHLOGON is logic made of self-sustaining nonlinear oscillators (i.e., elements that generate their own undulating signals, like pendulum clocks). Such oscillatory logic elements can be realized easily using not only CMOS transistors, but also devices from biology such as neurons and intracellular oscillators, from nanotechnology such as Spin Torque Nano Oscillators (STNO) and Micro/Nano-Electro-Mechanical (M/NEMS) resonators, and from optics such as lasers. Thus, PHLOGON enables a wide variety of novel "substrates" for computing. Importantly, several of these (e.g., CMOS and STNOs) offer the promise of dramatically lower power/energy consumption than conventional level-based logic. By developing the core knowledge required for phase-based alternatives to level-based computing to be viable, the PHLOGON project can have significant and wide-ranging impact, potentially reversing the slow-down in Moore's Law and enabling progress in the physical mechanisms that underlie computing for decades to come.