Doctoral Dissertation Research: Traditional kinship structures and European-derived diseases at Mission San Diego, California 1775-1845

博士生Carolyn Orbann(密苏里大学)将在Lisa StenSpiel博士的指导下，在圣地亚哥阿尔卡拉使命教堂研究传统亲属关系结构对19世纪加州原住民疾病相关发病率和死亡率的影响。研究将侧重于评估特派团内传统亲属结构的稳定性，并测试在特派团有较多亲属的人在急性传染病流行期间感染和/或死亡的风险是否与亲属较少的人不同。研究问题将通过家庭和血统的重建以及基于代理的计算机模拟模型的开发和分析来解决。家庭和世系重建将利用圣地亚哥特派团圣礼登记处的重要记录以及历史和人种学资料来完成。这项研究中使用的模型考虑了日常活动、社交以及年龄和性别结构的行为。模型人口基于特派团重要统计数据；模型参数基于现有的历史、人种学和流行病学信息。模型结果将与记录在案的死亡率模式进行比较，以阐明19世纪初观察到的死亡率激增的可能原因。这项研究将导致对传教对研究不足的人口(Kumeyaay)的影响的深入了解，并将有助于更广泛地了解欧洲殖民北美的后果。虽然Kumeyaay人的文化属性以前已经被研究过，但很少有人试图理解引入的疾病作为人口下降的原因的直接影响。这项研究还为南加州当代Kumeyaay和拉丁裔人口的根源提供了更多的知识。此外，在该项目中开发的模型可用于研究其他以亲属为基础、获得西药机会有限的人群的疾病。资助这项研究还支持研究生的教育。

Doctoral student Carolyn Orbann (University of Missouri), under the guidance of Dr. Lisa Sattenspiel, will investigate the effects of traditional kinship structures on disease-related morbidity and mortality in a population of nineteenth century indigenous Californians at Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcala. Research will focus on assessing the stability of traditional kin structures within the mission and testing whether individuals with more kin at the mission experienced different risks of infection and/or death during acute infectious disease epidemics than did individuals with fewer kin. Research questions will be addressed through family and lineage reconstruction and development and analysis of an agent-based computer simulation model. Family and lineage reconstruction will be accomplished using vital records from Mission San Diego sacramental registers and historical and ethnographic information. The model to be used in this study takes into account daily activities, social contacts and age- and sex-structured behaviors. The model population is based on Mission vital statistics data; model parameters are based on available historical, ethnographic, and epidemiological information. Model results will be compared with documented mortality patterns to shed light on the possible cause of an observed mortality spike in the early 1800s.This study will result in an in-depth understanding of the impact of missionization on an understudied population (the Kumeyaay) and will contribute to the wider base of knowledge on the consequences of European colonization of North America. While the cultural attributes of the Kumeyaay have been studied previously, there have been few attempts to understand the direct impact of introduced disease as a cause of population decline. This study also provides greater knowledge of the roots of contemporary Kumeyaay and Latino populations in Southern California. In addition, the model developed in this project can be adapted for use in the study of disease in other kin-based populations with limited access to Western medicine. Funding this research also supports the education of a graduate student.