Modeling interactions among environment, behavior, and mortality in the Western James Bay Cree

对西部詹姆斯湾克里族环境、行为和死亡率之间的相互作用进行建模

• 批准号: 0094449
• 负责人: Lisa Sattenspiel
• 金额: $ 9.33万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-01 至 2005-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0094449&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Modeling; interactions; among; environment; behavior

The effects of infectious disease epidemics on the demographic history of Aboriginal peoples of the Americas were strongest at different times in different regions of the hemisphere. In northern Canada, substantial changes in demographic structure and disease experiences occurred during the 19th century and extend well into recent historical times, providing a wealth of documents on these changes. The primary focus of this research is to explore the health transitions in the 19th and 20th centuries in four Western James Bay Cree communities (Moose Factory, Fort Albany, Attawapiskat and Kashechewan) in the central Canadian subarctic and to address the question: what was the relative impact of infectious diseases on the health of these communities and how consistent and homogeneous were changes in health and disease in Aboriginal communities during this time? This research addresses this issue through a broad examination of the historical interaction of environment, behavior and mortality in the four communities. The project has two primary components: historical analyses of records for the four Cree communities (funded separately) and development and analysis of mathematical models that can be used to explore factors leading to changing mortality patterns in these communities from 1820 to 1970. Data and results from the first component will be used in the mathematical modeling activities, which focus on assessing the effects of changes in social structure, economic activities, and environment on both infectious disease transmission and on general health of the four study communities. This project brings together researchers from the United States and Canada with differing expertise in the areas of demography, ethnohistory, mathematical epidemiology and ethnography. The project allows not only for the exploration of the patterns of mortality over time in several Western James Bay Cree communities, but also for the proposal and testing of specific hypotheses regarding the principal mechanisms for these changes. The multifaceted approaches of the project will provide significant contributions to understanding the importance of shifts in economic and social activities on the health and well-being of aboriginal populations. The project will result in opportunities for students at both the graduate and undergraduate levels to learn specialized and useful techniques not commonly found in anthropology curricula, especially in the areas of mathematics and statistics. It also facilitates an ongoing international institutional collaboration between McMaster University and the University of Missouri-Columbia and extends that collaboration to the University of Manitoba.

传染病流行病对美洲土著人民人口历史的影响在半球不同地区的不同时期最为强烈。在加拿大北方，人口结构和疾病经历的重大变化发生在19世纪，并延伸到近代历史时期，提供了丰富的文件，这些变化。这项研究的主要重点是探索19世纪和20世纪四个西詹姆斯湾克里社区的健康转变（驼鹿工厂，奥尔巴尼堡，Attawapiskat和Kashechewan），并解决问题：传染病对这些社区健康的相对影响是什么，土著居民的健康和疾病变化的一致性和均匀性如何在此期间，社区？ 本研究通过对这四个社区的环境、行为和死亡率的历史相互作用进行广泛的研究来解决这个问题。该项目有两个主要组成部分：对四个克里社区的记录进行历史分析（单独供资），以及开发和分析数学模型，用于探索导致这些社区1820年至1970年死亡率模式变化的因素。 第一部分的数据和结果将用于数学建模活动，重点是评估社会结构、经济活动和环境变化对传染病传播和四个研究社区总体健康的影响。 该项目汇集了来自美国和加拿大的研究人员，他们在人口学、民族史、数学流行病学和民族志领域具有不同的专门知识。该项目不仅允许在几个西詹姆斯湾克里族社区的死亡率随时间的模式的探索，但也为建议和测试的具体假设，这些变化的主要机制。该项目的多方面办法将大大有助于理解经济和社会活动的转变对土著居民健康和福祉的重要性。该项目将使研究生和本科生有机会学习人类学课程中不常见的专门和有用的技术，特别是在数学和统计领域。它还促进麦克马斯特大学和密苏里-哥伦比亚大学之间正在进行的国际机构合作，并将这种合作扩大到马尼托巴大学。