Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Unpacking Personhood and Identity in the Hohokam Area of Southern Arizona

在芭芭拉J.米尔斯博士的监督下，杰西卡I. Cerezo-Román将分析前古典时期（公元700-1150年）和古典时期（公元1150-1450/1500年）南亚利桑那州Hohokam的丧葬习俗，以了解个人如何通过参与不同的社交网络来定义身份。 他们将使用人格的概念来阐明个人的网络是如何通过埋葬习俗，空间分布和相关的物质文化来定义的。此前在美国西南部的研究通常集中在身份的单一属性，如社会地位和性别。然而，在过去的十年中，考古学对身份的研究已经大大扩展，已经超越了身份的单一属性，着眼于身份构建的多种方式。拟议的研究将集中在图森地区12个考古遗址的证据。拟议的研究将建立在对过去人口的身份研究取得的重大进展的基础上，特别是通过超越对身份的单一属性的研究，以多种方式构建一个人的身份。它将采用一种原创的方法，对考古方法和理论的完善有影响。该项目将审查与身份和人格方面的识别和变化有关的三个问题：1.在一个遗址的墓葬群中发现的身份实践的范围是什么？这些实践如何相互交叉，以揭示与个人年龄、性别和群体身份等相关的身份的不同方面？2.网站之间的差异和相似之处是什么，为什么它们会发生或不会发生？3.在不同的时间尺度上有什么不同/相似之处，为什么它们会发生或不会发生？为了回答这些问题，将采用一种多层面的方法，这种方法包括几个时间上的空间尺度，并采用不同的统计分析。所使用的方法将通过分析遗址中的人类骨骼遗骸，过去人们如何对待这些尸体以及埋葬的考古背景来分析人们如何在丧葬仪式中表现出来。对骨骼遗骸的研究、对尸体的死后处理和考古背景的结合将揭示人们在死亡时如何被家人和社区记住的线索，以及个人在多个社交网络中的地位。 除了对社会科学家很重要的研究问题之外，这项研究还将提供有关史前人口的信息，这些信息可能支持与当代土著群体的联系。通过这项研究产生的数据可供部落和机构用于文化归属研究。研究完成后，将向科学界、美洲原住民社区和公众广泛传播研究结果。

Under the supervision of Dr. Barbara J. Mills, Jessica I. Cerezo-Román will analyze mortuary practices among the Southern Arizona Hohokam during the Preclassic (A.D. 700-1150) and Classic periods (A.D. 1150-1450/1500) to look at how identities were defined by the participation of individuals in different social networks. They will use the concept of personhood to elucidate how individuals' networks were defined through burial practices, spatial distributions, and associated material culture. Prior research in the U.S. Southwest typically focused on single attributes of identity, such as social status and gender. However in the past decade archaeological approaches to identity have broadened considerably and have gone beyond single attributes of identity to look at the multiple ways in which identity was constructed. The proposed research will focus on evidence from 12 archaeological sites in the Tucson area. The proposed research will build on significant advances in identity studies of past populations, particularly by looking beyond the study of a single attribute of identity to the multiple ways a person's identity was constructed. It will employ an original approach that has implications for refinement of archaeological method and theory. The project will examine three problems related to the identification of, and changes in, aspects of identity and personhood:1. What is the range of identity practices found within a site's mortuary assemblage, and how do these intersect to reveal different aspects of identity associated with the individual's age, sex, and group identity, among others?2. What are the differences and similarities between sites, and why do they or don't they occur?3. What are the differences/similarities through time at different scales, and why do they or don't they occur?To answer these questions a multidimensional approach will be used that incorporates several spatial scales through time, and that applies different statistical analyses. The approach used will analyze how people were represented in mortuary rituals by analyzing human skeletal remains from the sites, how people in the past treated those bodies, and the archaeological contexts of burial. The combination of the study of the skeletal remains, posthumous treatment of the body and archaeological context will reveal clues to how people were remembered at death by their families and community, and an individual's position(s) within multiple social networks. Beyond research questions that are important to social scientist the research will provide information on prehistoric populations that may support links to contemporary indigenous groups. The data generated through this research can be used by tribes and institutions for cultural affiliation studies. Upon completion the results of the research will be broadly disseminated to the scientific community, Native American communities, and to the general public.