Collaborative Research: Hawaiian and Subplinian Basaltic Volcanism: Constraints on Eruption Dynamics from Kilauea

了解控制玄武岩爆炸性喷发的力量对于提高对我们最频繁的活火山的活动范围的理解和评估未来爆发事件的危害具有根本的重要性。k<s:1> lauea山顶是大型且不断增长的火山旅游景点（例如，每天有5000名游客在Jaggar博物馆俯瞰），公众需要更好地了解火山的活动，并改进对未来喷发可能过程的预测。虽然不是它通常的喷发方式，但爆炸喷发在k<e:1>劳埃亚的历史上不时出现，自公元1500年以来发生了五次中等规模的喷发。本研究通过对基拉韦厄火山三次柱状喷发和喷涌喷发的产物的研究，对决定基拉韦厄火山爆发行为的主要因素进行了量化和建模。这些事件是k<s:1>劳埃亚火山历史上最高喷发的第一次，1959年k<s:1>劳埃亚伊基火山喷发，更早的一次强大的火山喷发发生在公元1480年。公元1635年形成羽状火山喷发。这种方法的新颖之处在于使用新的“速率计”来估计岩浆在火山下上升的可能持续时间，从而得出这种停留时间对岩浆最终“命运”的影响。研究人员将研究微结构（囊泡和微岩屑）、熔体包裹体中的挥发物和喷发产物中的嵌入物。除了直接支持3名研究生和本科生外，研究成果还将用于夏威夷大学、哥伦比亚大学和莱斯大学的火山学课程的教育推广工作。该提案涉及五个机构之间的材料和思想交流，以造福年轻研究人员、本科生和研究生。我们的结果将通过夏威夷火山观测站和美国国家科学基金会资助的机构主办的链接网站通过互联网广泛传播。

Understanding the forces controlling basaltic explosive eruptions is of fundamental importance in order to improve understanding of the range of behaviors of our most frequently active volcanoes and to assess hazards of future explosive events. The summit of Kîlauea is the site of large and growing volcano-tourism (e.g., 5000 visitors/day at the overlook at Jaggar Museum), and there is a public need both for better knowledge of the volcanoes' behavior and improved forecasting of the likely course of future eruptions. Although not its usual style, explosive eruptions have punctuated Kîlauea's history, with five moderately large events since 1500 CE. The study quantifies and models the dominant factors that determine explosive eruptive behavior at Kilauea volcano, through a study of the eruptive products from three plume-forming and fountaining eruptions. The events are episode 1 of the highest historical fountaining eruption at Kîlauea, the 1959 Kîlauea Iki eruption, a much earlier powerful fountaining eruption in 1480 CE and a powerful; plume-forming eruption in 1635 CE.The novelty of the approach lies in using new 'rate-meters' to estimate likely durations of magma ascent beneath the volcano to arrive at the influence of this residence time on the ultimate 'fate' of the magma. The investigators will study microtextures (vesicles and microlites), volatiles in melt inclusions, and embayments in eruptive products.In addition to direct support for 3 graduate students and undergraduate students, results will contribute to educational outreach efforts anchored on development of volcanology classes at University of Hawaii, Columbia University and Rice University. The proposal involves exchange of material and ideas between five institutions to the benefit of young researchers, and undergraduate and graduate classes. Our results will be widely disseminated via the Internet using linked web sites hosted by Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and NSF-funded institutions.