RAPID: Capturing Ongoing Volcanic Inflation at Santorini Caldera, Greece

圣托里尼火山口位于爱琴海南部，是一个发达且非常活跃的演化系统的一部分，该系统由沿希腊弧线俯冲而来，是人类历史上(公元前1650年)最大的火山喷发的原因。在火山口内长达约50年的相对地震平静期和多年的基本上零变形测量之后，火山最近以指数级增长的通胀信号重新苏醒。该项目将部署快速GPS运动，升级目前的连续GPS网络，并包括安装2个新的连续站，以捕捉通货膨胀的时间依赖性。这是一个快速项目，因为变形信号确实正在迅速演变，并可能在未来几个月继续以非线性方式进行。这个信号对于理解流变学控制是必不可少的，而且不会受到我们目前有限的连续数据的充分限制。在冬季之前安装和更新设备是至关重要的，因为目前偏远地区由于主要是多云的天空没有足够的太阳能电池板而长时间停机。通过这项实验获得的数据将有助于评估火山口正在进行的变形，进而用于确定压力源的几何形状和准确位置。不断演变的时间签名对于识别系统如何发展是必要的。此外，它还将提供一个窗口，让人们了解与源头发生反应的流变结构，并最终决定喷发的可能性。这些信息对于提高我们对喷发动力学的理解是非常宝贵的，而且是非常年轻的破火山口系统的第一批此类信息。这项研究的直接影响超出了火山大地测量界，因为连续的全球定位系统数据将作为一个指示器，从而成为对减灾有用的警告工具。由于所有连续数据将立即通过联安部队向公众开放，其他团体将可以利用这些数据来满足独立的科学、危害或教育需求。

Santorini Caldera, in the southern Aegean, is part of a well developed, and very activevolcanic system fueled by subduction along the Hellenic arc that is responsible for the largestvolcanic eruption in human history (~1650 B.C.). After a long period of approximately 50 yearsof relative seismic quiescence within the caldera and years of measuring essentially zerodeformation, the volcano has recently reawakened with an exponentially increasing inflationsignal. This project will deploy a RAPID GPS campaign, upgrade the current continuous GPSnetwork, and includes installation of 2 new continuous stations to capture the time-dependence of inflation.This is a RAPID project because the deformational signal is indeed rapidly evolving, and may continue to proceed non-linearly in the coming months. This signal is essential for understanding the rheologic controls, and will not be sufficiently constrained with the limited continuous data that we currently have. Installation and updating of equipment is essential before the winter months, as the current remote sites currently go down for extended periods because of insufficient solar panels for the dominantly overcast skies.Data obtained through this experiment will be useful for evaluating the ongoing deformation at the Caldera, and in turn, be use for identifying the geometry and precise location of the pressure source. The evolving temporal signature is necessary for identifying how the system develops. As well, it will give a window into the rheologic structure that reacts to the source, and ultimately dictates the likelihood of eruption. The information is invaluable for improving our understanding of eruption dynamics, and is some of the first such information for a very young caldera systemThis research has immediate impact beyond the volcano geodesy community as the continuous GPS data will serve as an indicator, and thus warning tool, useful for hazard mitigation. Because all continuous data will be immediately available to the public through UNAVCO, other groups will have access to utilizing it for independent scientific, hazard, or educational needs.