Collaborative Research: Continuous Records of Greenhouse Gases and Aerosol Deposition During the Holocene: Testing the Fidelity of New Methods for Reconstructing Atmospheric Change

该项目的主要目标是开发新的测量技术，以评估冰芯中甲烷、一氧化碳和一氧化二氮气体测量的保真度，作为大气浓度和变化的记录，并在过去1400年里首次开发北半球大气甲烷和一氧化碳的高分辨率记录，而不需要特定地点或冰芯的人工制品。为了了解埋藏速率和历史、冰杂质以及钻井和分析技术对冰芯气体浓度的影响，拟议的项目将进一步完善和改进连续气体测量的新方法，并使用这些改进的方法分析来自格陵兰北部三个广泛分布的地点：图努、D4和NGRIP的冰芯样品中的气体和气溶胶。它们都位于冷干雪区，但它们的年累积速率不同，受不同气溶胶源和输送途径的影响。以前有两个地点用于油气研究，这将为油气圈闭建模提供必要的控制。D4和NGRIP可以使用存档的核心示例，但是需要来自Tunu站点的新核心。拟议的测量将利用沙漠研究所（DRI）的微量元素连续流分析系统，该系统能够量化灰尘、海盐、生物质燃烧和火山气溶胶。该系统最近扩展到包括俄勒冈州立大学（OSU）， DRI和其他国际合作者在NSF国际研究与教育合作伙伴关系（PIRE）资助下开发和完善的连续气体测量，主要关注学生参与和国际合作而不是研究。拟议的项目将延续过去的K-12和其他外展战略，包括与冰钻项目办公室的外展专家协调和发展活动。将通过全球、辐射和冰盖建模社区、国家科学研究院相关工作和公开讲座实现广泛的外联。

The primary goals of the project are to exploit new measurement techniques to evaluate the fidelity of methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide gas measurements in ice cores as records of atmospheric concentrations and change and to develop a first, high-resolution Northern Hemisphere record of atmospheric methane and carbon monoxide during the past 1400 years free of site- or ice-core-specific artifacts. To understand the influences of burial rate and history, ice impurities, as well as drilling and analytical techniques on ice core gas concentrations, the proposed project will further refine and improve new methods for continuous gas measurements and use these improved methods to analyze gases and aerosols in ice core samples from three widely distributed sites in northern Greenland: Tunu, D4, and NGRIP. All are located in the cold, dry snow zone, but each has a different annual accumulation rate and is influenced by different aerosol sources and transport pathways. Two sites previously were used for firn gas studies which will provide needed controls for firn and gas-entrapment modeling. Archived core samples are available for D4 and NGRIP, but a new core from the Tunu site is required. The proposed measurements will utilize the Desert Research Institute's (DRI's) continuous-flow analysis with trace elements system capable of quantifying dust, sea salt, biomass burning, and volcanic aerosols. This system was recently expanded to include continuous gas measurements being developed and refined by Oregon State University (OSU), DRI, and other international collaborators under an NSF Partnerships in International Research and Education (PIRE) grant primarily focused on student participation and international collaborations rather than research. The proposed project will extend past K-12 and other outreach strategies, including coordination and development of activities with outreach specialists at the Ice Drilling Program Office. Broad outreach will be achieved with the global, radiative, and ice sheet modeling communities, NSTA-related efforts, and public lectures.