Materials World Network: Ceramic Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with High Performance and Tolerances Towards Carbon Deposition and Sulfur Poisoning

非技术描述：固体氧化物燃料电池（sofc）可以将燃料转化为电能，提高效率，减少污染，减少温室气体排放。实用燃料阳极的失活是SOFC技术实现商业效益和环境效益的主要障碍。这个材料世界网络项目为克服电极失活问题带来了新的范例，显著提高了SOFC的性能和耐用性，从而促进了SOFC技术的快速应用和商业化。SOFC技术的广泛应用将使能源转换更高效、更环保。该合作项目旨在教育和培养具有全球视野和多学科技能的美国研究生，以解决材料科学和能量转换技术领域的复杂问题。该项目向公众和代表性不足的群体进行宣传，不仅符合社会对高效替代能源生产的需求，而且有助于培养合格的劳动力，以克服阻碍燃料电池技术发展和部署的许多挑战。技术细节：南卡罗来纳大学和中国矿业科技大学（北京）合作的材料世界网络项目的目标是制造、表征和阐明高性能陶瓷阳极支撑固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的机制，增强其对碳沉积（焦化）和硫中毒的耐受性，从而实现使用SOFC技术将实用燃料直接转化为电力。具有Sr2FexMo2-xO6-y （x从1到2变化）成分的双钙钛矿材料正在被创造出来，专门用于克服限制传统阳极寿命的耐久性问题。对双钙钛矿材料的基本认识指导了作为SOFC阳极的混合离子和电子导电陶瓷材料的进一步发展。冻干带铸造被用来制造和保持多孔陶瓷阳极的微观结构，以减少浓度极化。研究了一种新型的助烧剂烧结工艺，以获得不透气的薄电解质膜，从而降低欧姆损耗。各种先进的表征方法正在被应用，包括x射线和中子衍射、电子显微镜、x射线光电子能谱、电化学阻抗谱、膨胀测量和微x射线计算机断层扫描，以反卷积组成、微观结构、缺陷化学、电化学和催化性质关系。本项目由陶瓷项目和材料研究部特别项目办公室支持。

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can convert fuels to electricity with increased efficiency, reduced pollution, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The deactivation of the anode from the practical fuels is a major barrier to realize the commercial and environmental benefits of the SOFC technology. This Materials World Network project is bringing a new paradigm to overcome electrode deactivation issues, significantly enhance SOFC performance and durability and consequently facilitate the rapid application and commercialization of the SOFC technology. Widespread deployment of the SOFC technology will make energy conversion more efficient and more environmentally benign. The collaborative project is educating and preparing US graduate students with a global perspective and multidisciplinary skills needed to tackle complex problems in areas of material science and energy conversion technologies. Outreach to the public and underrepresented groups from this project will not only place into context the societal need for efficient, alternative sources of power production, but also help to prepare a qualified workforce to overcome the many challenges that impede the development and deployment of fuel cell technologies. TECHNICAL DETAILS: The objective of this Materials World Network project between the University of South Carolina and the China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing is to fabricate, characterize and elucidate mechanisms of high performance ceramic anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with enhanced tolerance to carbon deposition (coking) and sulfur poisoning in order to achieve direct conversion of practical fuels to electricity using SOFC technologies. Double perovskite materials with compositions of Sr2FexMo2-xO6-y (x varies from 1 to 2) are being created specifically to overcome the durability problems that limit the lifetime of conventional anodes. Fundamental understanding of the double perovskite materials are guiding further development of mixed ionic and electronic conducting ceramic materials as SOFC anodes. Freeze-drying tape casting is being used to create and maintain porous ceramic anode microstructure to reduce concentration polarization. Novel sintering process with sintering aids are being studied to obtain gas impermeable thin electrolyte membrane to reduce Ohmic losses. A variety of advanced characterization methods are being applied, including X-ray and neutron diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, dilatometry, and micro X-ray computed tomography to deconvolute the composition, microstructure, defect chemistry, and electrochemical and catalytic property relationships. This project is supported by the Ceramics Program and the Office of Special Programs in the Division of Materials Research.