Quantifying total volatile budgets of explosive volcanic eruptions: An experimental investigation of silicic peralkaline magma from Paektu volcano

Kayla Iacovino博士获得了美国国家科学基金会地球科学博士后奖学金，在加州门洛帕克的美国地质调查局开展研究和推广计划。研究结果将为火山喷发前气体的数量和成分的量化提供模型，提高火山喷发过程的准确预测能力。岩浆挥发性物质（H2O、CO2、S、F和Cl）为爆发提供动力，并影响岩浆的化学演化。这些火山气体一旦排放出去，就会极大地改变大气化学、气候和生态。此次调查将以北韩与中国交界的白头火山千年喷发的地球化学和岩石学资料为基础。在推广活动方面，亚科维诺博士将制作一系列针对年轻女性的教育视频，重点介绍她自己的研究，并展示美国地质调查局女性主导的研究项目。尽管白头火山千年喷发是人类历史上最大的火山喷发之一，其火山灰沉积物远达日本，但由于其位于地缘政治复杂的地区，对它的研究很少。2002年至2005年，白头山火山动荡的迹象引起了当地和地区官员的注意，促使白头山地球科学实验（MPGE），这是美国、英国、中国和朝鲜之间的国际合作。在与MPGE的合作下，亚科维诺博士的研究将调查千禧年火山喷发时的气体收支，并将验证这样一个假设，即大量爆炸性喷发的岩浆体中普遍含有一种浓度为重量百分比的喷发前蒸汽相。浮石和熔岩化学的详细测量将使用电子探针、傅里叶变换红外光谱和离子探针技术进行。这些测量结果将用于构建旨在重现千年喷发前白头山火山下存在的压力-温度-化学条件的实验。

Dr. Kayla Iacovino has been awarded an NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship to carry out a research and outreach plan at the US Geological Survey - Menlo Park, California. Results of this research will provide a model for quantifying the amount and composition of gasses prior to volcanic eruptions, improving the ability to accurately predict volcanic processes. Magmatic volatile species (H2O, CO2, S species, F, and Cl) power explosive eruptions and influence the chemical evolution of magma. Once emitted, these volcanic gases can substantially alter atmospheric chemistry, climate, and ecology. The investigation will be based on geochemical and petrological data from the Millennium Eruption of Paektu volcano, located on the North Korea-China border. For outreach activities, Dr. Iacovino will create a series of educational videos targeted at young women by highlighting her own research and showcasing female-led research projects at the US Geological Survey.Despite being one of the largest volcanic eruptions in human history, with ash deposits reaching as far east as Japan, the Millennium Eruption of Paektu volcano is very poorly studied in large part due to its location in a geopolitically complex region. In 2002-2005, signs of volcanic unrest at Paektu caught the attention of local and regional officials, prompting the Mt. Paektu Geoscientific Experiment (MPGE), a collaborative international effort between the US, UK, China, and North Korea. In collaboration with the MPGE, Dr. Iacovino's research will investigate the gas budget of the Millennium Eruption and will test the hypothesis that magma bodies that feed voluminous, highly explosive eruptions widely contain a pre-eruptive vapor phase at weight percent concentration levels. Detailed measurements of pumice and lava chemistries will be carried out using electron microprobe, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ion microprobe techniques. The results of these measurements will be used to construct experiments aimed at reproducing the pressure-temperature-chemical conditions that existed beneath Paektu volcano prior to the Millennium Eruption.