Fields of Study, School-Work Linkages, and Inequality: A Comparative Approach

SES-1423828Thomas dipre哥伦比亚大学该项目的总体目标是对从教育成果到职业安置的途径进行更深入的理论和实证理解。该项目既关注教育水平和毕业证书（即文凭、学位和证书），也关注这些水平的学习领域。然后分析特定教育成果和特定职业之间的联系强度。这项研究是新颖的应用多群体隔离研究的最新发展，以衡量学校成绩和职业之间的联系强度。它利用这些技术研究了一系列国家的学校和工作之间的联系模式，这些国家的教育制度结构不同，教育和培训与职业准入的联系方式也不同，包括执照、学徒制、实习和其他正式或非正式技能要求或在职技能获取机会。然后，它解决了国家之间在学校工作联系结构上的差异是否会导致国家之间在职业相对薪酬以及工资和收入不平等的总体结构上的差异。这项研究的智力价值在于，它有可能显著增加对教育与劳动力市场之间的联系结构在不同教育体系水平和不同类型的国家教育体系中如何变化的认识。该项目采用了来自六个重要国家的数据：美国、德国、法国、荷兰、英国和巴西。为了检验假设，该项目利用了广义熵家族的隔离措施。这种方法可以评估教育水平和各级内的学习领域对一个国家的总联系强度的相对重要性。它还允许研究国家间结构性差异的程度，以及由这些国家之间教育成果和职业职位分布（构成）差异引起的国家间差异的程度。这项研究在确定哪些研究领域在多大程度上为不同教育水平的工作提供了明确的途径以及这种模式在各国之间的差异方面将是新颖的。它将突出涉及特定研究领域和高等教育证书的路线，这些路线在劳动力市场上的价值因国家而异。这些信息对于解释各国之间工资和收入分布、职业流动性和教育程度的差异具有科学重要性。它还指出了潜在的重要社会政策，以更好地实现本项目所研究的不同社会和经济体制结构中不同教育途径的潜力。这一研究成果在美国尤其重要，因为美国高等教育的完成率相对较低。该研究还可以改进目前在比较研究中广泛使用的协调教育方案。

SES-1423828Thomas DiPreteColumbia UniversityThe overall goal of this project is to develop a greater theoretical and empirical understanding of the pathways that lead from educational outcomes to occupational placement. The project pays attention both to the level of education and school-leaving credentials (i.e., diplomas, degrees, and certificates) and to fields of study within these levels. It then analyzes the strength of the link between specific educational outcomes and specific occupations. The research is novel in applying recent developments in multigroup segregation research to the measurement of the strength of linkage between school outcomes and occupations. It uses these techniques to study the pattern of linkage between school and work across a set of countries which differ both in the structure of their educational systems and in the ways that education and training are linked to occupational entry via licensing, apprenticeships, internships, and other formal or informal skill requirements or opportunities for skill acquisition while on the job. It then addresses the question of whether country differences in the structure of school-work linkage produce country differences in the relative pay of occupations and in the overall structure of wage and earnings inequality.The intellectual merit of the research lies in its potential to significantly increase knowledge of how the structure of linkage between education and the labor market varies, both at different levels of the educational system and across different types of national educational systems. The project employs data from six important countries: the U.S., Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Brazil. To test hypotheses, the project utilizes segregation measures from the generalized entropy family of segregation meaures. This approach allows an assessment of the relative importance of educational levels and fields of study within levels to the total linkage strength of a country. It also allows a study of the extent of country differences that are structural and the extent of country differences that arise from (compositional) differences in the distribution of educational outcomes and occupational positions across these countries. The research will be novel in determining the extent to which fields of study provide clear pathways to jobs at different educational levels and how the pattern varies cross-nationally. It will highlight routes involving specific fields of study and tertiary credentials whose value in the labor market differs considerably across countries. Such information is of scientific importance for explaining differences in wage and earnings distributions, career mobility, and educational attainment across countries. It also points to potentially important social policies to better realize the potential of varying educational routes within the differing social and economic institutional structures under study in this project. This research product is of particular importance in the U.S., where completion rates in American higher education are relatively low. The research may also improve harmonized educational schemes now widely used in comparative research.