Strombolian and Hawaiian Explosions: New Insights From Synchronizing Videos and Exsolved Volatiles

基拉韦厄火山、斯特龙博利火山和埃特纳火山是世界上监测最密切、持续活跃的三座玄武岩火山。这种持续的喷发活动以及现有和正在进行的实时地球物理和地球化学观测使这些火山成为本研究的理想之选。利用特征明确的火山，研究人员预计，结果可以应用于不那么严格限制的玄武岩喷发。K&amp；Lauea和Stromboli也是规模庞大且不断增长的火山旅游活动的发源地。首脑会议的爆发给管理机构带来了特殊的问题，因为这些地点很容易进入，因此需要在公众对观看活动的强烈兴趣和公共安全问题之间取得平衡。例如，夏威夷火山国家公园每天有超过5000名游客前往K&amp；Lauea山顶。该小组的目标是帮助满足公众对信息的渴望，以及对未来所有火山喷发可能过程的改进预测的需要。结合高速摄影和对释放的火山气体进行高分辨率分析，提供了一种首先描述和解释火山爆发的强大新方法。这项研究将首次在夏威夷的K&amp；Lauea和斯特龙博利，以及如果活动允许的话，在意大利的埃特纳，将这两种技术实时结合起来。这有可能彻底改变关于融化和气泡上升的最后阶段导致喷发的想法。研究人员将通过三台同步的高速相机和使用Fournier变换红外技术和低成本、便携式和精确的多组分气体传感器进行火山气体研究，来检查一系列活动类型，从短时间、大范围的爆炸(斯特龙博利亚)到持续数小时到几天的喷泉(夏威夷)。他们提出，这些喷发的确切形式和持续时间是由米级大小的气泡脉冲的形式和时间驱动的，这些气泡上升，并在喷口下以高度动态的方式相互作用。

Kilauea, Stromboli and Etna are the three most intensely monitored, continually active basaltic volcanoes in the world. This continuity of eruptive activity and the existing and ongoing real-time geophysical and geochemical observations make these volcanoes ideal for this study. Using well-characterized volcanoes, the researchers expect results that can be applied to less well-constrained basaltic eruptions. Kīlauea and Stromboli are also locations of large and growing volcano-tourism operations. Summit eruptions pose particular issues for management agencies because the sites are highly accessible and thus there is a need to balance the strong public interest in viewing the activity against the issue of public safety. The Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, for example, records over 5000 visitors per day to the summit of Kīlauea. This group's aim is to assist with satisfying public thirst for information and a need for improved forecasting of the likely course of all future eruptions.Coupling high-speed photography and high-resolution analysis of released volcanic gas offers a powerful new way to first describe and then interpret volcanic explosions. This study will couple these two techniques in real-time for the first time at Kīlauea, Hawaii and Stromboli, and, if activity permits, Etna, Italy. This has the potential to revolutionize ideas of the final stages of melt and bubble rise leading to an eruption. Researchers will examine a spectrum of types of activity, from short, widely spaced explosions (Strombolian) to fountains lasting hours to days (Hawaiian), via three synchronized high-speed cameras paired to volcanic gas studies using Fournier Transform Infrared techniques and low-cost, portable, and precise multicomponent gas sensors. They suggest that the exact form and duration of these eruptions is driven by the form and timing of pulses of meter-sized gas bubbles that rise, and interact in a highly dynamic fashion under the vent.