CAREER: Enabling Design of Future Smart Grids via Input/Output Hybrid Systems Tools

该建议旨在推进混合系统理论的建模、分析和设计知识，以实现未来智能电网系统的设计。混合系统是连续和离散行为交织在一起的动力系统。这种混合行为体现在智能微电网及其互连模型中，主要是由于电流和电压的连续变化和跳跃，即主要是由于控制开关、故障和建模近似。本提案中采用的方法是将智能电网系统解释为具有输入和输出的混合系统的互连，以促进将整个系统划分为适合模块化分析和设计的小型，可处理的组件。这种分而治之的方法依赖于系统互连理论的存在以及保证鲁棒性和最优性的建设性控制设计工具。提出的发展计划包括为智能电网中出现的输入/输出混合系统模型生成这些控制和博弈理论工具。智力优势：该计划将通过生成建模、分析和设计具有输入和输出的互联混合系统的工具，为未来智能电网的知识基础做出贡献。它还将推进与混合系统相关的主要领域的知识，特别是计算机科学和控制理论。它将通过从混合系统理论中提供新的方法，为电力系统领域做出独特的贡献。本文提出的互连分析和反馈控制设计方法将使目前混合控制理论中缺乏的输入/输出混合系统的系统分析和控制设计成为可能。这些新工具将使组件的模块化设计成为可能，当在现实世界的智能电网中相互连接时，这些组件可以稳定、最佳地运行，例如桑迪亚国家实验室的智能微电网测试平台，这是该项目的关键组成部分。为研究对手作用下的鲁棒性和最优性而提出的混合动态博弈框架和理论对于开发安全的智能电网至关重要。更广泛的影响：与桑迪亚国家实验室的合作将有助于新工具的验证，并将智能电网领域出现的新问题引入控制社区。拟议的研究计划与教学和培训活动深度结合，通过培训教师和学生控制工程和智能电网应用，将对初中和高中教育水平产生重大影响。特别是，这些活动将提高青年学生对世界未来能源需求的认识和了解。

The proposal is to advance the knowledge on modeling, analysis, and design of hybrid systems theory with the purpose of enabling the design of future smart grid systems. Hybrid systems are dynamical systems with intertwined continuous and discrete behavior. Such a mixed behavior is embodied in models of smart microgrids and their interconnections due to continuous changes as well as jumps in currents and voltages, i.e., mainly due to controlled switches, failures, and modeling approximations. The approach taken in this proposal is to interpret smart grid systems as the interconnection of hybrid systems with inputs and outputs to facilitate partitioning of the entire system into small, tractable components suitable for modular analysis and design. Such a divide and conquer approach relies upon the existence of a theory of interconnections of systems and on constructive control design tools that guarantee robustness and optimality. The proposed developmental plan consists of generating these control and game theoretical tools for input/output hybrid system models emerging in smart grids.Intellectual merit: The proposed plan will contribute to the knowledge base by generating tools for modeling, analysis, and design of interconnected hybrid systems with input and outputs emerging in future smart grids. It will also advance the knowledge in the main fields tied with hybrid systems, in particular, computer science and control theory. It will uniquely contribute to the field of power systems by providing new methods from the theory of hybrid systems. The proposed methods for interconnection analysis and feedback control design will lead to systematic analysis and control design for input/output hybrid systems, currently lacking in hybrid control theory. These new tools will enable modular design of components that operate robustly and optimally when interconnected in real-world smart grids, such as the smart microgrid testbed at Sandia National Laboratories which is a key component of this project. The framework and theory of hybrid dynamical games proposed for the study of robustness and optimality under adversaries will be essential in developing secure smart grids.Broader impacts: Collaboration with Sandia National Laboratories will be instrumental in the validation of the new tools and will introduce new problems emerging from the smart grid field to the control community. The proposed research plan is deeply integrated with teaching and training activities that will significantly impact middle and high school education levels by training instructors and students on control engineering and applications to smart grids. In particular, these activities will increase awareness and inform young students of the future energy needs in the world.