BRAIN EAGER: High-resolution multimodal acousto-electromagnetic neuroimaging of brain activity

Pi：He，Bin Proposal：1450956标题：Brain Equired：脑活动的高分辨率多模声电磁神经成像意义由神经元兴奋产生的脑活动分布在三维体积上，并随时间演化。无创性地绘制脑活动的时空分布是非常有必要的。拟议的项目旨在开发一种突破性的技术，用于在空间和时间上都具有高分辨率的大脑活动的神经成像。拟议的探索性项目的成功完成可能会带来一种变革性的神经成像模式，它将改变功能神经成像的实践，并提供非常理想的高时空分辨率神经成像能力，在神经回路水平上非侵入性地描绘大脑内的动态神经信息处理。这种能力将有可能改变目前的现状，即神经成像是使用单独的模式进行的，这些模式可以以高空间或高时间分辨率绘制大脑活动图，但无法以高空间分辨率和高时间分辨率绘制动态大脑激活图。这对人脑图谱产生了重大影响，这是大脑倡议中的一项重大挑战。技术描述PIS计划开发一种新的混合多模式神经成像技术“声-电磁神经成像”，将聚焦超声与电磁传感和成像完全集成在一起，以绘制动态大脑激活图。拟议的成像技术有可能在单一的混合神经成像系统中实现毫米空间分辨率和毫秒时间分辨率，以非侵入性地绘制受试者整个生命周期的大脑激活图。中心假设是，使用聚焦超声调制、电磁传感和源成像，PI将能够非侵入性地检测和成像大脑神经回路水平上的动态大脑激活和功能。拟议项目的具体目标如下。目的1：在大鼠模型上测试所提出的声电神经成像方法。为了达到这个目的，研究人员将使用聚焦超声来调节局部神经活动，并使用电极阵列记录诱导的电生理信号。研究人员将从超声调制的电测量中解码神经信号，并重建神经激活，以验证所提出的成像将揭示神经激活的高时空模式的假设。目的2：在大鼠模型上测试所提出的声磁神经成像方法。为了达到这个目的，研究人员将使用聚焦超声来调节区域神经活动，并使用自旋电子磁传感器阵列记录诱导的电生理信号。他们将从超声调制的磁场测量中解码神经信号，并重建神经激活，以检验所提出的成像将以高时空模式揭示神经激活的假设。

PI: He, Bin Proposal: 1450956 Title: BRAIN EAGER: High-resolution multimodal acousto-electromagnetic neuroimaging of brain activity Significance Brain activity resulting from neuronal excitation is distributed over the 3-dimensional volume and evolves in time. There is a strong need to map the spatio-temporal distributions of brain activation noninvasively. The proposed project aims at developing a groundbreaking technology for neuroimaging of brain activity with high resolution in both space and time. The successful completion of the proposed exploratory project may lead to a transformative neuroimaging modality that would change the practice of functional neuroimaging and offer an extremely desirable high spatio-temporal resolution neuroimaging capability to noninvasively map dynamic neural information processing within the brain at neural circuits level. Such capability will have the potential to transform the current state-of-art that neuroimaging is carried out using separate modalities that can map brain activity either with high spatial or high temporal resolution, but unable to map dynamic brain activation with both high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution. This is of significant impact to human brain mapping, a grand challenge in the BRAIN Initiative. Technical Description The PIs propose to develop a novel hybrid multimodal neuroimaging technology "acousto-electromagnetic neuroimaging" by fully integrating focused ultrasound with electromagnetic sensing and imaging for mapping dynamic brain activation. The proposed imaging technology has the potential to achieve millimeter spatial resolution and millisecond temporal resolution in a single hybrid neuroimaging system for mapping brain activation noninvasively in subjects throughout the lifespan. The central hypothesis is that using focused ultrasound modulation and electromagnetic sensing and source imaging, the PIs will be able to noninvasively detect and image dynamic brain activation and function at neural circuits level in the brain. The specific aims of the proposed project are as follows. Aim 1: Test the proposed acousto-electric neuroimaging in a rat model. In this aim, the investigators will use focused ultrasound to modulate regional neural activity and record the induced electrophysiological signals using an electrode-array. The investigators will decode the neural signals from ultrasound modulated electrical measurements and reconstruct the neural activation to test the hypothesis that the proposed imaging will reveal high spatio-temporal pattern of neural activation. Aim 2: Test the proposed acousto-magnetic neuroimaging in a rat model. In this aim, the investigators will use focused ultrasound to modulate regional neural activity and record the induced electrophysiological signals using a spintronic magnetic sensor array. They will decode the neural signals from ultrasound modulated magnetic measurements and reconstruct the neural activation to test the hypothesis that the proposed imaging will reveal neural activation at a high spatio-temporal pattern.