LTREB Renewal: Life History and Behavior in a Primate Hybrid Zone

杂交（两个相邻物种之间的遗传混合）发生在许多动物和植物物种中，是自然种群中新基因组合和新性状的最重要来源之一。大多数研究都是在种群水平上描述杂交，而不是描述杂交如何影响个体。了解杂交如何影响个体，将揭示决定一个物种的基因是否与另一个物种的基因永久混合的过程，或者这种混合是否仅限于一代或几代。利用肯尼亚南部的野生狒狒种群，这项研究将详细描述杂交如何影响个体。因此，它将成为许多其他生物体中类似过程的重要模型，包括祖先人类（已知他们与尼安德特人杂交，在此之前，与人类谱系的其他成员杂交）。这项研究涉及一个国际小组，有大量妇女和代表性不足的少数群体参与。该团队还将为中学提供教学模块，并开展许多讨论狒狒行为的公共宣传活动。在LTREB项目的前五年，首席研究员测量了杂交对一系列可能限制或增强遗传渐渗的性状的影响。此次更新的目的是扩展这套特征，使用需要LTREB机制提供的更长时间范围的方法或数据。具体目标是（i）确定以前记录在野生狒狒成熟时间表中的混合性别相互作用的来源，（ii）测量遗传混合物对预测雄性生殖成功的社会行为的贡献，（iii）测量遗传混合物对预测雌性生殖性能的社会行为的贡献，以及（iv）测量遗传混合物对预测女性寿命的社会行为的贡献。拟议的工作将产生一个非常详细的研究混合物对健身相关性状的影响，在自然杂交的哺乳动物种群，这反过来将有助于塑造未来的假说机制，促进或抑制遗传渐渗在其他物种杂交。该项目的数据将存储在可通过网络访问的PostgreSQL数据库中。关于数据和元数据标准的详细说明，可查阅公开文件，链接见Amboseli狒狒研究项目网站（amboselibaboons.nd.edu/）。已发表论文的所有数据集都存放在公共Dryad数据库中。

Hybridization (genetic mixing between two adjacent species) occurs in many animal and plant species, and is among the most important sources of new gene combinations and new traits in natural populations. Most studies describe hybridization at the population level, rather than describing how hybridization affects individuals. Understanding how hybridization affects individuals will reveal the processes that determine whether genes from one species permanently mix with those of another, or whether this mixing is limited to one or a few generations. Using a wild population of baboons in southern Kenya, this research will provide a detailed description of how hybridization affects individuals. As such, it will be an important model for similar processes in many other organisms, including ancestral humans (who are known to have hybridized with Neanderthals and, before that, with other members of the human lineage). The research involves an international team with substantial participation by women and underrepresented minorities. The team will also contribute teaching modules for middle schools and conduct numerous public outreach activities discussing baboon behavior.In the first five years of the LTREB project, the Principal Investigator measured the effects of hybridization on a suite of traits that could limit or enhance genetic introgression. The objective of this renewal is to expand this suite of traits, using methods or data that require the longer time horizon afforded by the LTREB mechanism. The specific aims are to (i) identify the sources of the admixture-by-sex interaction previously documented in the maturation schedules of wild baboons, (ii) measure the contribution of genetic admixture to social behaviors that predict male reproductive success, (iii) measure the contribution of genetic admixture to social behaviors that predict female reproductive performance, and (iv) measure the contribution of genetic admixture to social behaviors that predict female lifespan. The proposed work will produce an exceptionally detailed study of the effects of admixture on fitness-related traits in a naturally hybridizing mammal population, which in turn will help shape future hypotheses about mechanisms promoting or inhibiting genetic introgression during hybridization in other species. The data for this project will be stored on a web-accessible PostGreSQL database. A detailed description of the standards for data and metadata can be found in publicly available documents with links at the Amboseli Baboon Research Project website (https://amboselibaboons.nd.edu/ ). All datasets underlying published papers are deposited in the public Dryad Data Repository.