Quantification and Analysis of the Decisions of Economically and Environmentally Informed Travelers in Urban Networks

为了促进交通基础设施的优化利用，本项目的目的是量化和分析能源和环境成本信息提供对出行需求的影响。此外，该项目将确定向旅行者提供信息的最有效工具。该项目的一个具体目标是调查旅行者用来收集和处理有关交通运输的实际环境和能源成本的信息的机制。然后，这些机制将被用于估计通勤者为减少旅行足迹而支付费用的意愿，并确定传播环境信息的最佳方式。另一个目标是当通勤者收到有关旅行实际成本的信息时，衡量使用交通基础设施的潜在效率收益。最后，将在实际环境中分析考虑城市可持续性战略和战术规划的完全成本的价值。更具体地说，纽约市的交通规划模型将扩展到考虑了解经济和环境的旅行者。教育和外联工作将包括建立一个免费的社区应用程序和基于网络的版本，该应用程序将提供定制的排放信息和提示，教育旅行者如何采取行动减少旅行足迹。将组织与大都市规划组织的信息和互动会议，以分享这项研究的政策成果和工具。该项目的主要研究任务之一是推导出行模式和路线选择模型的计量经济学方法，以阐明广义成本信息-包括能源消耗和排放-的行为影响。计量经济学方法的一个预期贡献是制定离散选择实验，在定义替代属性时进行处理。在这种情况下的选择情况将包括对如何呈现(或省略)关于排放的信息的不同处理，以及用于抵消这些排放的受控机制。计量经济学方法将导致对运输外部性的经济估值的估计。使用半参数公式，经济估值估计将允许不同类型的旅行者，而不会对不同人群的环境偏好如何变化做出限制性假设。然后，这些估计将被整合到交通网络平衡的分析中，并被整合到先进的交通信息系统的设计中，这些系统是动态的，考虑了多种属性，并不断更新所提供的信息。在网络模型方面，该项目将分析在估计连接成本而不是在路线选择时考虑随机性，目的是更新主要大都市地区现有的规划模型，而不需要进行计算代价高昂的更改。

Aiming at promoting optimal use of transportation infrastructure, the purpose of this project is to quantify and analyze the effects of information provision about energy and environmental costs on travel demand. In addition, this project will identify the most effective instruments to provide information to the travelers. A specific goal of this project is to investigate the mechanisms that travelers use to gather and process information about the actual environmental and energy costs of transportation. These mechanisms will be then used to produce estimates of the willingness to pay of commuters for reducing their travel footprint and to identify the best way of communicating environmental information. An additional goal is to measure the potential efficiency gains in the use of transportation infrastructure when commuters receive information about the actual costs of travel. Finally, the value of the consideration of complete costs for strategic and tactical planning of urban sustainability will be analyzed in a practical setting. More specifically, the transportation-planning model of New York City will be extended to consider economically and environmentally informed travelers. Educational and outreach efforts will include construction of a free community-based application with a web-based version that will provide customized emission information and tips to educate travelers on how to act to reduce their travel footprint. Information and interaction sessions with metropolitan planning organizations will be organized to share the policy results and tools that will come out from this study. One of the main research tasks of this project is the derivation of an econometric approach for travel mode and route choice models to elucidate the behavioral effects of generalized cost information -including energy consumption and emissions. An expected contribution of the econometric approach is the formulation of discrete choice experiments with treatments in the definition of the alternative attributes. The choice situations in this case will include differing treatments on how information about emissions is presented (or omitted), and controlled mechanisms for offsetting those emissions. The econometric approach will result in the estimation of the economic valuation of transportation externalities. Using a semi-parametric formulation, the economic valuation estimates will allow for heterogeneous travelers without imposing restrictive assumptions about how environmental preferences vary across the population. These estimates will be then integrated into the analysis of transportation network equilibrium, and into the design of advanced transportation information systems that are dynamic, consider multiple attributes, and constantly update the information being provided. Regarding network models, this project will analyze consideration of a stochastic feature in link cost estimation rather than in route choice, with the aim of updating current planning models of major metropolitan areas without the need for computationally expensive changes.