Taimyr Reindeer Migration Reanalysis (TAMARA)

驯鹿或北美驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus L.）生活在欧亚大陆和北美的北极地区。作为北极生态系统和土著居民生计的重要组成部分，野生驯鹿已经被科学家们监测了近50年。在这段时间里，兽群的体型发生了巨大的变化，这些变化在动物中几乎所有的兽群中都有记录。年代范围。20-30年前，野生驯鹿的数量增加，但在过去的十年里，几乎所有驯鹿的数量都大幅减少。此外，最近的监测显示野生种群的分布发生了重大变化。野生驯鹿数量的减少很可能与气候变化和人为活动增加导致的北极环境的自然循环和变化有关。为了解释观测到的驯鹿数量和分布的变化，有必要收集长期和季节性的观测资料。泰米尔驯鹿群（TRH）是欧亚大陆最大和最长的监测野生驯鹿群。位于诺里尔的极北农业研究所自1969年以来，俄罗斯的莫斯科一直在观察TRH。只有有限数量的TRH信息被发布、数字化、处理、分析或出版。许多信息保存在单张纸上，保存的地点和条件都威胁到它的寿命。拟议中的项目旨在将所有有关泰米尔野生驯鹿种群的现有记录数字化，并在数十年的观察中开发有关气候和栖息地的相关数据集。泰米尔驯鹿迁徙再分析（TAMARA）项目将建立在驯鹿专家、北极研究人员和地理空间科学家的协作和综合跨学科国际网络的基础上。该项目旨在建立一个全面、公开的信息系统，以深入了解人类、气候、环境和驯鹿之间的历史关系。在国际和当地经验的基础上，研究人员将实施一项重大的数据数字化和传播工作，这将对与北极陆生哺乳动物有关的极地网络基础设施做出重大贡献。项目目标如下：1)检索、数字化、归档、传输、处理和发布1969 - 2009年的历史观测数据，记录相关方法，开发相应的元数据；2)通过（再）分析TRH历史空间迁移格局，开发增值数据产品；3)构建全面开放的数据可视化和数据传播体系，促进极地空间网络基础设施建设。TAMARA项目将成为全球驯鹿观察项目网络的一个组成部分。该项目将涉及美国和俄罗斯的科学家和学生，支持一名研究生和两名兼职本科生。调查结果将广泛传播给当地居民和利益相关者。该项目将有助于年轻研究者的早期职业发展。

Reindeer or Caribou (Rangifer tarandus L.) inhabit Arctic lands in Eurasia and North America. An important part of Arctic ecosystems and Aboriginal livelihood, wild reindeer have been monitored by scientists for almost 50 years. During this time, herds have exhibited large changes in size and these changes have been recorded in almost all herds across the animal?s range. The increase in the number of wild reindeer 20-30 years ago was almost universally followed by a significant population loss in the last decade. In addition, recent monitoring revealed substantial shifts in the distribution of wild populations. The decline in wild reindeer is likely related to natural cycles and changes in the Arctic environment caused by climate change and increased anthropogenic activity. In order to explain the observed changes in the abundance and distribution of reindeer, it is necessary to collect long-term and seasonal observations. The Taimyr Reindeer Herd (TRH) is both the largest and the longest monitored wild reindeer herd in Eurasia. The Extreme North Agricultural Research Institute in Noril?sk, Russia, has observed the TRH since 1969. Only a limited amount of the information on the TRH has been released, digitized, processed, analyzed or published. Much of the information is held in single-copy paper in locations and under conditions that threaten its longevity. The proposed project aims to digitize all available past records concerning the Taimyr wild reindeer populations and develop related datasets on climate and habitat over the decades of observation. The Taimyr Reindeer Migration Reanalysis (TAMARA) project will be based upon a collaborative and integrated interdisciplinary international network of reindeer experts, arctic researchers, and geospatial scientists. The project is designed to build a comprehensive and openly available information system that will provide insight into the historical relationship between humans, climate, environment, and reindeer. Building on both international and local experiences the investigators will implement a major data digitization and dissemination effort that will be a considerable contribution to the polar cyberinfrastructure pertaining to Arctic terrestrial mammals. The project has the following objectives: 1) Retrieve, digitize, archive, transfer, process and publish historical observational data collected between 1969 and 2009, document relevant methodologies, and develop appropriate metadata; 2) Develop value-added data products resulting from the (re)analysis of historical spatial migration patterns of the TRH; and 3) Contribute to developing polar spatial cyberinfrastructure by creating a comprehensive and open data visualization and data dissemination system. The TAMARA project will be an integral part of the worldwide network of reindeer observation programs. The project will involve US and Russian scientists and students, supporting one graduate student and two part-time undergraduates. Results will be widely disseminated to local residents and stakeholders. The project will contribute to the early career development of a young investigator.