UNS: Formation and Toxicity of Disinfection Byproducts in Desalinated Waters

1511051 Amy目前，海水反渗透是最常用的海水淡化技术。具体地，将反渗透脱盐水与从其它来源抽取的单一或多重处理过的新鲜沃茨混合是满足饮用水需求并增加某些所需离子浓度的低成本方法。因此，本项目的目的是对消毒反应副产物的形成和形态以及海水反渗透淡化沃茨在掺混后的毒性变化进行全面系统的研究，这是首次将消毒副产物的形成、形态、以及影响溴化物/碘化物掺入的因素，并进行毒理学研究，以确定对哺乳动物细胞可能的毒性。在本研究中，PI建议研究：1）在亲水性有机物质（例如，藻类有机物、废水有机物、天然有机物），2）pH和温度对溴化/碘化消毒副产物的形成和形态的影响，3）混合沃茨的哺乳动物细胞细胞毒性和遗传毒性的变化，和4）总有机卤化物物质和/或其它单独的溴化/碘化消毒副产物基于多元回归预测混合沃茨的细胞毒性和遗传毒性的能力。该项目将分两个阶段进行：第一阶段是消毒副产品研究，研究在各种混合情况下以及使用氯和氯胺进行消毒后，溴/碘化合物的形成、形态和影响因素（i及ii）;第二阶段，对混合后的沃茨进行了哺乳动物细胞毒性和遗传毒性的毒性研究，卤化物组分和实验测量的水毒性（III和IV）。该项目的教育部分将为本科生提供机会（例如，克莱姆森的创造性调查计划，UIUC WaterCamps计划，UIUC全球安全水研究所）和高中学生研究，包括招募科学研究中代表性不足的群体。

1511051AmyCurrently, seawater reverse osmosis is the most commonly used desalination technology. Specifically, the blending of reverse osmosis desalinated water with single or multiple treated fresh waters drawn from other sources is a low-cost method to meet the demands of drinking water and to increase the concentration of some desired ions. Therefore, the objective of this project is to conduct a comprehensive and systematic study to examine the formation and speciation of reaction byproducts of disinfection and the toxicity changes of seawater reverse osmosis desalinated waters as a consequence of blending.This is the first comprehensive research that combines a disinfection byproduct study on the formation, speciation, and factors affecting bromide/iodide incorporation with a toxicology study to determine possible toxicities on mammalian cells. In this study, the PIs propose to investigate: 1) the formation and speciation of brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts in the presence of hydrophilic organic matter (e.g., algal organic matter, wastewater effluent organic matter, natural organic matter) of different origins in treated waters that are likely to be used for blending with seawater reverse osmosis permeate, 2) the effects of pH and temperature on the formation and speciation of brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts, 3) the change in mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of waters from blending, and 4) the ability of total organic halide species and/or other individual brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts to predict the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the blended waters based on a multiple regression. The project will be conducted in two phases: Phase 1, which entails a disinfection byproduct study on the formation, speciation, and factors affecting bromide/iodide incorporation under various mixing scenarios and using chlorine and chloramine for post-disinfection (i and ii); and Phase 2, which entails a toxicity study on mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of waters from blending and multiple regression analysis between total organic halide components and experimentally measured water toxicities (iii and iv). Educational components of the project will provide opportunities for undergraduate (e.g., Creative Inquiry Program at Clemson, UIUC WaterCamps program, the UIUC Global Safe Water Institute) and high school student research, including recruitment of underrepresented groups in scientific research.