CHS: Small: The Future of Geospatial Data: The Analytics and Implications of Open Source Mapping

该项目将在地理空间数据这一关键领域提出可供较大的计算机科学研究界以及公共部门和私营部门发展界使用的方法和工具。地理空间数据是研究和开发的一个关键领域，特别是在支持对自然或技术危害造成的灾害以及其他突发危机作出快速反应方面。这项研究将深入调查的条件下，志愿者生成的数据在“开源测绘”环境中生成和使用。该项目开发的工具将有助于进一步验证志愿人员生成的开放地理空间数据，并通过更好的分析检查方法使其得到适当使用。此外，社会计算活动与对世界的影响之间的联系将以明确的方式得到证实，特别是通过人道主义活动和社会责任建设的窗口。如何使开放地图更可行的社会问题也将通过这项研究。为了实现这些目标，该团队将设计、开发、部署和评估一个软件基础设施及其相关的应用程序编程接口，该接口可对OpenStreetMap数据的大型历史文件进行操作。OpenStreetMap是一个拥有200多万成员、有十年历史的志愿者组织，它创建了一个基于“开放数据”的世界数字地图。这项研究将允许检查的人际，群体和组织的手段，通过社会计算协作制图完成。然后，它将审查向人道主义工作提供开放地理空间数据的影响，这些数据是社会技术变革的重要驱动力，包括灾害应对、关键基础设施的能力建设和其他政府责任。该研究结合了计算和行为分析，以解决从数据库实例化到机构使用的多个分析层面的关键问题。

This project will produce methods and tools in the critical area of geospatial data that both the larger computer science research community can use as well as the public-sector and private-sector development communities. Geospatial data are a critical area of research and development, notably in supporting rapid response to disasters arising from natural or technological hazards, as well as other sudden crises. This research will deeply investigate the conditions under which volunteer-generated data in "open source mapping" environments are generated and used. The tools developed in this project will help further validate volunteer-generated open geospatial data, and enable appropriate use through better analytical inspection methods. In addition, the connections between social computing activities and impacts on the world will be substantiated in clear ways, especially through the windows of humanitarian events and societal resilience-building. How open mapping can be made more viable for social problems will also be advanced through this research. To achieve these goals, the team will design, develop, deploy, and evaluate a software infrastructure and its associated application programming interface that operates on large historical files of OpenStreetMap data. OpenStreetMap is a 2+ million member, decade-old volunteer-based organization that has created a "open data" based digital map of the world. This research will allow examination of the interpersonal, group, and organizational means by which collaborative cartography is accomplished through social computing. It will then examine the implications of having open geospatial data available to humanitarian efforts, which are important drivers to socio-technical change, including that of disaster response, resilience-building of critical infrastructure, and other governmental responsibilities. The research combines computational and behavioral analytics to address critical questions at multiple levels of analysis, from database instantiation to institutional use.