Expanding the dictionary and database for Lenape, a Native American language

构成一门语言最基本的科学文献的基本要素包括一本参考语法、一本词典，以及带有翻译和语言分析的转录叙述。词典涉及广泛的语言分析，当代词典是通过电子数据库构建的，这些数据库组织了一组数据，并允许通过多种途径搜索信息。随着数字词典工具的出现，词条包括声音文件、照片、语法信息和整个故事。词典包含历史知识，甚至可以作为学习工具。该项目将扩展现有的濒危美洲原住民语言Lenape的词典和数据库。美国国会1990年通过的《美洲原住民语言法案》将承认美洲原住民语言的独特地位和重要性纳入了政策。美洲原住民语言词典和数据库通过增加对语言和文化材料的获取来促进知识的发展，特别是在以在线和移动形式传播时。该项目将添加其他无法访问的录音、故事和历史范例，并将资助专业音频修复以提高声音文件的质量。更广泛的影响包括部落居民对学习他们传统语言的支持，以及更多公众对美洲原住民语言、文化和历史的兴趣。特拉华州印第安人的语言Lenape曾经在大约2万平方英里的地区使用，包括新泽西州、宾夕法尼亚州东部、特拉华州北部和纽约州东南部。17世纪和17世纪，Lenape人逐渐背井离乡，但这种语言继续被使用，包括作为许多出生于1900年代初的俄克拉荷马州Lenape人的第一语言，但各种因素减少了这种语言的使用。多亏了国家科学基金会的支持，总部位于俄克拉何马州的特拉华州部落的Lenape Talking Dicary of the Oklahoma Tribe是首批在线、音频增强的美洲原住民语言词典之一。《Lenape Talking Dicual》是一本丰富的Lenape语言知识宝库，供研究他们的语言和历史的部落成员以及研究这种语言及其在阿尔冈昆语家族中的近亲的学者使用。该词典以网络和移动格式使用，除了单词和伴随的音频文件外，还包括广泛的材料，包括大量转录和翻译的句子和故事，通常带有音频。Lenape在其句法中使用了高度复杂的形态结构。扩大这个数据库，以增加录音、故事和词汇实例的数量，将使专注于词法、句法、阿尔冈昆语和其他领域的部落成员和语言学家受益。大量的双语例证、音频、语法讨论和课程使更广泛的公众听众和部落公民以及对美国土著历史、传统和文化感兴趣的民俗学家、人类学家和历史学家更容易了解Lenape的形态结构。

The essential elements that constitute the minimal scientific documentation of a language include a reference grammar, a dictionary, and transcribed narratives with translations and linguistic analysis. Dictionaries involve extensive linguistic analysis, and contemporary dictionaries are constructed via electronic databases, which structure a set of data and allow multiple routes to search for information. With the advent of digital dictionary tools, entries include sound files, photographs, grammar information, and entire stories. Dictionaries contain historical knowledge, and even serve as learning tools. This project will expand the existing dictionary and database of an endangered Native American language, Lenape. The Native American Languages Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1990, enacted into policy the recognition of the unique status and importance of Native American languages. Dictionaries and databases for Native American languages advance knowledge by increasing access to linguistic and cultural materials, especially when disseminated in online and mobile formats. This project will add otherwise inaccessible recordings, stories and historical examples, and it will fund professional audio restoration to improve quality of sound files. Broader impacts include the support of tribal citizens studying their heritage language and the interest of a larger public audience Native American languages, culture and history.Lenape, the Delaware Indian language, was once spoken over an area of about 20,000 square miles - all of New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania, northern Delaware, and southeastern New York states. The Lenape people were gradually displaced from their homeland in the 1600s and 1700s but the language continued to be spoken, including as the first language of many Oklahoma Lenape born in the early 1900s, but a variety of factors have reduced the language's use. The Lenape Talking Dictionary of the Oklahoma-based Delaware Tribe was among the first online, audio-enhanced dictionaries for a Native American language, thanks to support from the National Science Foundation. The Lenape Talking Dictionary serves as a rich repository of linguistic knowledge of Lenape for tribal members studying their language and history, and for scholars researching the language and its relatives in the Algonquian language family. The dictionary is usable in web and mobile format and includes a wide range of material besides words and accompanying audio files, including a significant number of transcribed and translated sentences and stories, often with audio. Lenape employs highly complex morphological structures in its syntax. Expanding this database to increase the number of recordings, stories and lexical examples will benefit tribal members and linguists who focus on morphology, syntax, Algonquian languages, and other areas. The large compendium of bilingual examples, audio, grammar discussion and lessons increase the accessibility of the morphosyntax of Lenape to a broader public audience and tribal citizens, and to folklorists, anthropologists and historians with interests in Native American history, traditions and culture.