Collaborative Research: Carrier transport in organometal halide perovskite devices

摘要标题：杂化有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿中的电荷输运非技术：杂化有机-无机三卤化物钙钛矿已成为大规模光伏发电最有前途的竞争者之一。这些材料表现出一系列非凡的性能，加上生产成本低，这导致了对这一主题的大量研究和值得称赞的增长。然而，与大多数成熟技术不同的是，该领域的创新超越了我们对这些材料基本特性的理解。此外，混合钙钛矿含有铅，这是一种环境危害，阻碍了它们在未来的应用。该项目是维克森林大学的一个研究小组在设备制造和电气特性方面的专业知识和犹他大学的一个研究小组在材料生长、光学和磁场效应测量方面的知识之间的合作成果。该研究将重点研究限制混合钙钛矿基器件的操作和稳定性的电子过程；设计和实施提高性能的设备结构；开发无铅混合钙钛矿。由于混合钙钛矿电子产品对美国经济和社会的预期影响，该跨学科研究项目将通过实施强大的教学和指导组件来整合教育，以补充研究工作的各个阶段。技术方面：研究将集中于新型杂化有机-无机钙钛矿（HTP）单晶和薄膜生长、结构、光学和电学表征、器件设计、制造和表征，目标如下：(1)开发无铅杂化钙钛矿；（ii）了解杂化钙钛矿材料中的电荷输运机制；（iii）阐明电子输运和离子输运共存，以及它们对HTP器件迟滞、性能、可靠性和稳定性的贡献。拟议的项目分为三个阶段。第一阶段的重点是在不同温度下使用飞行时间、空间电荷限制电流和场效应管测量来研究高温超导中的电荷输运。在第二阶段，我们将通过执行Poole-Frenkel和状态密度分析来重点分析体和表面缺陷状态。在第三阶段，我们将利用黑暗和光照下的塞贝克效应以及阻抗谱来解开HTP器件中离子和电子对电导率的贡献。pi和他们的研究小组将通过组织会议，参加当地科学博物馆的活动，为当地社区大学和高中的学生提供研究机会，继续并扩大他们的努力，以促进钙钛矿电子新领域的发展。

Abstract Title: Charge transport in hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskitesNon-technical:Hybrid organic-inorganic trihalide perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising contenders for large scale photovoltaic energy generation. These materials exhibit a remarkable set of properties, coupled with low production cost, which led to an avalanche of research on this topic and a commendable growth. Unlike most mature technologies, however, the innovation witnessed in the field outstripped our understanding of basic these materials properties. In addition, the hybrid perovskites contain lead, which represent an environmental hazard, precluding their incorporation in future applications. This project is a collaborative effort between a research group at Wake Forest University with expertise in device fabrication and electrical characterization and a group at University of Utah with knowledge on materials growth, optical and magnetic field effect measurements. The research will focus on the investigation of the electronic processes that limit the operation and stability of hybrid perovskite-based devices; designing and implementing device structures that promote improved performance; and developing lead-free hybrid perovskites. Driven by the anticipated high impact of hybrid perovskite electronics on the US economy and society, this interdisciplinary research program will integrate education by implementing a strong teaching and mentoring component that complements all stages of the research efforts. Technical:The research will focus on novel hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HTP) single crystals and thin-film growth, structural, optical and electrical characterization, device design, fabrication, and characterization with the following objectives: (i) develop Pb-free hybrid perovskites; (ii) understand the mechanism of charge transport in hybrid perovskite materials; (iii) elucidate the coexistence between the electronic and ionic transport and their contribution to HTP device hysteresis, performance, reliability and stability. The proposed project is structured into three phases. The first phase focuses on the study of charge transport in HTPs using time of flight, space-charge-limited current and FET measurements at various temperatures. In the second phase we will focus on the analysis of bulk and surface defect states by performing Poole-Frenkel and density of states analysis. In the third phase we will disentangle the ionic and electronic contributions to the conductivity in HTP devices using Seebeck effect in the dark and under illumination, and impedance spectroscopy. The PIs and their research groups will continue and expand their efforts dedicated to enhancing the growth of the new field of perovskite electronics by organizing conferences, participating in activities at local science museums, and offering research opportunities to students from local community colleges and high schools.