Genetic Technology Development and International Security Efforts

基因组学在法律和警务方面变得越来越重要，世界各地国家犯罪DNA数据库的激增就证明了这一点。曾经仅限于高收入国家的新的国家犯罪DNA数据库正在中等收入国家普及，并且也开始在低收入国家建立起来。但是DNA数据库需要基础设施资源和专业知识来实现和维护。在这些条件下，以能力挑战和稀缺条件为标志的地方如何建立和运行DNA数据库？他们的战略如何为这一现象的全球未来提供信息？DNA是如何在国家法律环境和国际安全努力中转化为可靠和有用的东西的？它对科学和公民的生活和体验有什么影响？该研究项目将通过调查基因组学与法律、相关基础设施投资以及必须共同努力将基因数据转化为法律上可读的证据的人们网络之间的交集来解决这些问题。俄亥俄州立大学（Ohio State University）的诺亚·塔玛金（Noah Tamarkin）探讨了在刑法中使用基因技术可能如何改变公民的经验和形式，以及社会和文化对科学的理解，以及什么构成可靠的证据。该研究将调查全球刑事法医遗传学作为一种新兴的公民形成与相互关联的地方，国家和跨国的影响和影响。这项研究将在南非进行，这是一个中等收入国家，刚刚开始实施一项新法律，该法律建立了一个庞大的国家犯罪DNA数据库，国家警察部队将对该数据库负有主要责任。该项目将使用人种学方法，考虑来自不同社会和政治背景、拥有不同形式的专业知识和对科学和正义意义的不同看法的人如何通过他们在制定南非法医遗传学投资方面的作用，将他们聚集在一起。该项目将包括警察、法医实验室、法庭，以及为法医遗传学培训和宣传做出贡献的非政府组织和私人公司。南非是一个理想的研究案例，因为他们在执法基因组学方面的国家投资是新的，并且在整个研究期间都在积极进行。南非目前的投资提出了关于基因组学和法律交叉的全球范围和规模，以及地方特异性和变化的重要问题。因此，这项研究提供了一种积极的新兴观点，即当DNA从研究实验室走向更广泛的公共领域时，它是如何以新的方式发挥作用的。

Genomics has become increasingly important for law and policing, as evidenced by the proliferation of national criminal DNA databases throughout the world. New national criminal DNA databases, once limited to high-income countries, are becoming widespread in middle-income countries and they are also beginning to be established in low-income countries. But DNA databases require infrastructural resources and expertise to implement and maintain. How are places that are marked by capacity challenges and conditions of scarcity establishing and running DNA databases under these conditions, and how might their strategies inform the global future of this phenomenon? How does DNA become transformed into something that is reliable and useful in national legal contexts and in international security efforts, and what are the consequences for how science and citizenship are lived and experienced? This research project will address these questions by investigating the intersection between genomics and law, related infrastructural investments, and the networks of people who must work together to transform genetic data into legally legible evidence.Dr. Noah Tamarkin of the Ohio State University, explores how the use of genetic technologies in criminal law might change experiences and forms of citizenship as well as social and cultural understandings of science and what constitutes reliable evidence. The research will investigate global criminal forensic genetics as an emerging citizenship formation with interconnected local, national, and transnational influences and implications. The research will take place in South Africa, a middle-income country that has just begun to implement a new law that creates an expansive national criminal DNA database for which the national police force will have primary responsibility. The project will use ethnographic methodologies to consider how a cross-section of people from diverse social and political backgrounds who have different forms of expertise and different ideas about the meaning of science and justice are brought together through their roles in enacting South Africa's investment in forensic genetics. The project will include police, forensic laboratories, courtrooms, and NGOs and private companies that contribute to forensic genetics training and advocacy. South Africa is an ideal case study because their national investment in genomics for law enforcement is new and actively taking place throughout the research period. South Africa's current investments raise important questions about the global scope and scale, and the local specificity and variation, of intersections between genomics and law. This research therefore offers an actively emerging view into how DNA comes to matter in new ways as it moves out of research laboratories and into a broader public sphere.