Mechanisms on Developable Surfaces

人们对能够完成复杂任务的超紧凑型机械系统的需求越来越大。可开发机构被设想为满足这些需求的下一代机械系统。一个可展开的表面可以被认为是一种形状，它可以由一张薄薄的材料制成，而不会断裂或拉伸。术语“可展开机构”是用来描述符合可展开表面或从可展开表面创建的机构的。可开发的机构可用于航天器、汽车、船舶、建筑、家具、服装结构和医疗器械等各种应用。它们也可以符合或出现在可展开的表面上，如飞机机身和机翼、潜艇船体、火箭锥体和微创手术工具。它们使高度受限的空间(如医疗植入物、下一代电子设备和可展开的航空航天部件)和制造工艺有限的应用(如大批量生产和成本敏感型应用)中的新机制成为可能。这项研究的结果将使工程师能够在几个重要的应用领域满足未来和目前尚未满足的对超紧凑机构的需求。这将在行业应用中得到演示。尽管它们的运动在数学上很复杂，但利用3-D打印机和Maker Space常见的计算机控制工具，可开发的机械制造越来越可能，并且可以使用。这种可访问性，再加上分发开源设计材料的计划，将使研究成果对更广泛的社区有用。这项研究的目的是促进对可展开机构基本原理的理解，并利用这些知识来创建分析和设计它们的方法。这将包括深入研究基本可展曲面上的可展机构的性质、运动准则和运动学，例如广义圆柱、平面、圆锥和切线可展曲面，以及混合可展曲面的扩展。设计指南和工程模型将通过设计和测试物理原型进行验证和演示。

There is an increasing demand for ultra-compact mechanical systems that are capable of complex tasks. Developable mechanisms are envisioned as next-generation mechanical systems to meet these needs. A developable surface can be thought of as a shape that can be made from a thin sheet of material without breaking or stretching. The term "developable mechanism" is coined to describe a mechanism that conforms to or is created from a developable surface. Developable mechanisms can be used in applications as diverse as spacecraft, automobiles, ships, architecture, furniture, clothing construction, and medical devices. They can also conform to or emerge from developable surfaces such as aircraft fuselages and wings, submarine hulls, rocket cones, and minimally invasive surgery tools. They make possible new mechanisms in highly constrained spaces (such as medical implants, next generation electronics equipment, and deployable aerospace components), and applications with limited manufacturing processes available (such as high-volume production and cost-sensitive applications). Results from this research will enable engineers to meet future and presently-unfulfilled needs for hyper-compact mechanisms in several important application areas. This will be demonstrated on industry applications. Although their motion is mathematically complex, developable mechanism fabrication is increasingly possible and accessible using 3-D printers and computer-controlled tools common to maker spaces. This accessibility, combined with plans to distribute open-source design materials, will make the research results useful to a broad community. The objectives of this research are to advance understanding of developable mechanism fundamentals and use this knowledge to create methods for their analysis and design. This will include a thorough investigation of the properties, motion criteria and kinematics of developable mechanisms on fundamental developable surfaces, such as generalized cylinders, planes, cones, and tangent developable, and extensions to hybrid developable surfaces. Design guides and engineering models will be verified and demonstrated by designing and testing physical prototypes.