EAGER: TDM solar cells: Next generation perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells

非技术：在这项合作研究中，pi将结合他们在钙钛矿太阳能电池和可销售的硅太阳能电池方面的工作，生产出一种具有商业潜力的高效串联装置。多学科研究团队结合了电子和光子材料设计和先进应用工艺的专业知识，无机功能材料的设计、合成和表征，以及高效、低成本晶体硅电池的研究、开发和制造方面的专业知识。这项研究计划将引领下一代光伏技术的发展，这将使钙钛矿硅单片串联太阳能电池的制造变得更加强大，适用于广泛的工业规模的能量收集模块的制造。预计与串联光伏器件相关的材料和制造协议将有助于该技术的广泛实施。因此，这项研究将对能源部门产生重大影响，并实现将纳米技术的潜在利益带给整个社会以及日常能源消费者的目标。总的来说，这项研究的结果将对科学界做出重大贡献，并为未来对串联装置的研究提供一个智力和实验框架，以促进纳米技术创新的广泛应用。低成本、无处不在、环境可持续、高效率的串联太阳能电池有望在医疗保健、环境质量、能源和安全等行业实现转型。除了提供可持续的、高效率的能量收集设备之外，目前的项目还为具有社会意义的技术的研究和教育的整合提供了机会。参与者将受益于该计划的多学科合作性质；所有人都将在多个领域接受交叉培训，通过相关的额外合作进一步扩展他们的知识和经验。学生将在一个促进对项目成功所必需的各个方面的理解的环境中成长。研究人员长期致力于扩大对科学和工程的参与，并为社区服务。技术：这项研究旨在开发下一代钙钛矿-硅串联太阳能电池，效率超过30%。探索性研究将集中在两个关键方面：1)制造高效、半透明的顶部金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池和底部硅太阳能电池；ii)子单元之间高效互连层的工程设计，以实现效率大于30%的单片串联。金属卤化物钙钛矿与商用太阳能电池（如硅）的集成，为显着升级设备和模块性能提供了机会。此外，金属卤化物钙钛矿的溶液可加工性为现有制造装置的升级提供了一个具有成本效益的选择。通过这次合作，与AMX3铅基钙钛矿硅单片串联太阳能电池相关的最关键问题将得到解决，这些问题阻碍了它们实现理论预测的效率。具体来说，这项研究将i)开发在钙钛矿薄膜太阳能电池上沉积透明导电电极的材料和工艺，同时保持高效率；ii)在子电池之间设计透明的互连电连接。研究团队将确定变革性的、实用的材料工程方法来解决这两个关键问题。这里开发的材料和制造协议将使钙钛矿与现有的硅太阳能电池技术集成，并促进钙钛矿-硅串联太阳能电池技术的广泛商业化和实施。

Abstract Nontechnical: In this collaborative research effort, the PIs will combine their work on perovskite solar cells and marketable silicon solar cells, to produce a high efficiency tandem device with the potential to be available commercially. The multidisciplinary research team couples expertise in the design of electronic and photonic materials and processes for advanced applications and the design, synthesis and characterization of inorganic functional materials, with expertise in the research, development and manufacturing of high-efficiency, low-cost crystalline silicon cells. The research initiative will lead to the next generation photovoltaic that will allow for the robust fabrication of perovskite-silicon monolithic tandem solar cells, applicable for use in widespread industrial-scale manufacturing of energy harvesting modules. It is expected that the materials and fabrication protocols associated with the tandem photovoltaic devices will help enable widespread implementation of the technologies. Thus, this research will have substantial influence on the energy sector and achieve the goal of bringing the potential benefits of nanotechnology to society in general, as well as the everyday energy consumer. Overall, the results of this research will make a significant contribution to the scientific community and provide an intellectual and experimental framework for future investigations into tandem devices for the widespread application of innovations in nanotechnology. Low-cost, ubiquitous, environmentally sustainable, high-efficiency, tandem solar cells are expected to be transformational for industries ranging from healthcare, environmental quality, energy and security. In addition to providing access to sustainable, high-efficiency, energy harvesting devices, the current project provides opportunities for the integration of research and education in technologies of societal significance. Participants will benefit from the multidisciplinary, collaborative nature of the program; all will be cross-trained in multiple areas to further expand their knowledge and experience through relevant additional collaborations. Students will grow in an environment that promotes an understanding of all aspects of the project necessary for success. The investigators maintain strong and long-running commitments to broadened participation in science and engineering, and to serving the community.Technical: This research effort aims to develop the next generation perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 30%. Exploratory research will focus on two critical aspects: i) fabrication of high efficiency, semi-transparent top metal-halide perovskite solar cells and bottom silicon solar cells; and ii) engineering of highly effective interconnecting layers between sub-cells to achieve monolithic tandems with efficiencies greater than 30%. Integration of metal-halide perovskites in tandem with commercially available solar cells, such as silicon, provides opportunities to significantly upgrade device and module performance. Further, the solution processability of metal-halide perovskites offers a cost effective option for upgrades to existing manufactured units. Through this collaboration, the most critical issues associated with AMX3 lead based perovskite-silicon monolithic tandem solar cells which prevent their achieving theoretically predicted efficiencies will be addressed. Specifically, this research will i) develop the materials and processes that will allow deposition of transparent conducting electrodes on perovskite thin film solar cells while maintaining high efficiencies and ii) engineer a transparent interconnecting electrical connection between the sub cells. The research team will identify transformative, practical materials engineering approaches to resolve both these key problems. The materials and fabrication protocols developed here will enable integration of perovskites with existing silicon solar cell technologies and facilitate the widespread commercialization and implementation of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell technologies.