SusChEM: GOALI: Drinking Water Safety and Sustainability: Identifying Key Chemical Drivers of Toxicity for Long-Term Solutions in the United States

合作建议：苏珊·D·理查森/迈克尔·普莱瓦建议电话：1705206/1706862大多数美国公民消费消毒水。化学消毒剂灭活饮用水中的病原体；然而，一个意想不到的后果是它们与天然有机物(NOM)、人为污染物和溴/碘反应形成消毒副产物(DBPs)。对于我们的饮用水供应，使用了广泛的原水和受影响的水，据报道，某些新出现的DBP水平很高，令人担忧。因此，DBPs代表了一种无处不在的慢性化学暴露，但造成毒性的诱因仍不清楚。这项研究将解决这一知识差距，作为未来更广泛的国际DBP研究的基础，并创建饮用水监管的新范式，以提高饮用水的安全性和可持续性。私人投资机构将利用其大学正在进行的学术项目，为本科生和高中生，特别是来自代表性不足群体的学生提供研究经验。参加2015年戈登饮用水消毒副产品研究会议的一个国际领先科学家小组开会解决了这些问题，并建议进行一项国际DBP研究，以(1)评估全球DBP水平，重点关注关键的新兴DBPs和替代参数：总有机氯(TOCl)、总有机溴(TOBr)、总有机碘(TOI)，以及(2)确定DBPs的哪些子集是毒性的强迫因素。PI在美国的初步评估中寻求实现这些目标。这项研究的结果将产生数据，以更好地了解DBP风险，确定毒性的驱动力，并使长期工程解决方案能够提高饮用水的安全性和可持续性。这项研究将确定体外毒性的驱动因素，作为衡量美国饮用水中DBPs潜在人类健康风险的指标，并将作为未来一项国际DBP研究的基础，该研究将在全球范围内评估DBP风险。虽然人们普遍认为个别含溴和含碘的DBPs比其含氯类似物的毒性更大，但尚未评估TOCl、TOBr和TOI与广泛的个别DBPs的相关性。这些化学替代品被认为具有很大的风险潜力(特别是TOBr和TOI)，无论是来自已知的DBPs(包括本研究中要量化的65个优先DBPs)，还是来自未知的DBPs，其中50%的有机卤素(TOX)含量尚未确定。环境保护署(EPA)已表示有兴趣使用这些替代品进行监管，如果它们充分代表了卤化二氯苯酚带来的有害健康风险。因此，这项研究还有可能修改我们今天所知的法规，更好地保护人类健康，实现全球、安全和可持续的饮用水。

Collaborative ProposalPIs: Susan D. Richardson/Michael PlewaProposal Number: 1705206/1706862The majority of citizens in the US consume disinfected water. Chemical disinfectants inactivate pathogens in drinking water; however, an unintended consequence is their reaction with natural organic matter (NOM), anthropogenic contaminants, and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). For our drinking water supplies, a wide range of pristine and impacted waters are used, where high levels of certain emerging DBPs of concern have been reported. As a result, DBPs represent a ubiquitous chronic chemical exposure, yet the forcing agents for toxicity remain unknown. This research will address this knowledge gap, serve as the basis for a future wider International DBP study, and create a new paradigm for drinking water regulation to enhance drinking water safety and sustainability. The PIs will employ the on-going academic programs at their universities to provide research experiences for undergraduate and high school students, in particular students from underrepresented groups. An international group of leading scientists participating at the 2015 Gordon Research Conference on Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products met to address these issues and recommended an International DBP study to (1) evaluate DBP levels globally, focusing on key emerging DBPs and surrogate parameters: total organic chlorine (TOCl), total organic bromine (TOBr), total organic iodine (TOI), and (2) determine which subsets of DBPs are the forcing agents of toxicity. The PIs seek to accomplish these goals in an initial assessment in the US. Results from this research will generate data to better understand DBP risks, determine the forcing agents of toxicity, and enable long-term engineering solutions to enhance drinking water safety and sustainability. This research will identify the drivers of in vitro toxicity as a metric of potential human health risk for DBPs in drinking water from the United States and will serve as the basis for a future International DBP study that will globally assess DBP risks. While it is widely recognized that individual bromine- and iodine-containing DBPs are more toxic than their chlorine-containing analogues, the correlation of TOCl, TOBr, and TOI with a wide range of individual DBPs has not been evaluated. These chemical surrogates are recognized as holding great potential (especially TOBr and TOI) for accounting for risk, both from known DBPs (including the 65 priority DBPs to be quantified in this study) and the unknown DBPs, where 50% of the total organic halogen (TOX) content has yet to be identified. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has expressed interest in the potential to use these kinds of surrogates for regulation if they adequately represent the adverse health risk from halogenated DBPs. Thus, this research also has the potential to modify regulations as we know them today and better protect human health and enable global, safe, and sustainable drinking water.