The Female View on Building the Land of Israel Architecture, Zionism and Aliyah in the Writings by a Pioneer Woman Architect

20世纪初的第一批女性建筑师很少写到她们的职业化和她们在男性主导的领域中的建筑生产条件。因此，将他们的作品和项目视为他们的“艺术陈述”和建筑遗产的表达，比起他们的男性同事的建筑和哲学思考和著作，人文研究要难得多。要获得有关她们在建筑领域的工作和活动领域的信息，往往只能通过当代专业期刊和妇女杂志，因为除了少数例外情况外，第一代女建筑师的个人档案都不见了。在此背景下，德国出生的犹太先锋女建筑师洛特·科恩(Lotte Cohn，1893年柏林-1983年特拉维夫)的个人档案基本保存完好，对于研究国际女性建筑师的历史具有最重要的学术意义。1921年，她作为以色列埃雷茨的第一位女建筑师移民到强制性巴勒斯坦，并大量参与了犹太人家园新基础的第一批建筑和定居点项目。在60多年的信件、回忆录、期刊文章和演讲中，她反思了自己在新祖国的个人发展、工作和职业经历。她写了犹太复国主义建筑的开始及其建筑发展，规划了基布兹和莫沙夫的第一个合作定居点，以及她对以色列建国后的建筑和城镇规划的思考。作为20世纪20年代初巴勒斯坦第一批讲德语的犹太复国主义者之一，洛特·科恩后来认为自己是当代的见证者，写的是她那一代第三阿里亚的先锋移民。她的个人档案在这方面也是学术上感兴趣的，因为只有少数回忆录和文件记录了大约2000名讲德语的犹太人的生活，其中包括许多妇女，他们在1933年之前生活在巴勒斯坦。这个基于洛特·科恩个人档案的跨学科项目的目的是打开她在20世纪以色列建筑史上工作的背景空间，记录和批判性地评估它。这项从源头出发的研究的中心问题是：在建立犹太国家过程中建筑生产的社会学、意识形态和政治层面；犹太复国主义建筑师之间专业网络的制度化；接受建筑委员会的平等机会，以及女性对犹太复国主义建筑和城市规划的看法。此外，该研究项目的一个重要目的是记录讲德语的第三阿利耶人的移民，以及他们对在以色列埃雷茨建设犹太人家园的贡献。一个数据库正在开发中。

The first women architects at the beginning of the 20th century very rarely wrote about their professionalization and the conditions of their architectural production within a male-dominated field. To regard their works and projects as expressions of their "artistic statements" and architectural legacy is, therefore, much less accessible to Humanities Research than the architectural and philosophical reflections and writings of their male colleagues. To obtain information about their work and sphere of activity in architecture is often only possible through contemporary professional journals and women's magazines, because, apart from a few exceptions, the personal archives of this first generation of women architects are missing. Against this background, the personal archive of German-born Jewish Pioneer woman architect Lotte Cohn (1893 Berlin-1983 Tel Aviv), which is largely preserved, is of the greatest academic importance for research into the international history of women architects. In 1921, she emigrated to Mandatory Palestine as the first woman architect in Eretz Israel, and was substantially involved in the first architectural and settlement projects for the new foundation of the Jewish homestead. In letters, memoirs, journal articles and speeches over a period of more than 60 years, she reflected on her personal development, work and professional experiences in the new homeland. She wrote about the beginning of the Zionist building sector and its architectural development, planning the first co-operative settlements of the Kibbutz and Moschav as well as her reflections on architecture and town planning in Israel after the foundation of the state, and in general.As one of the first German-speaking Zionists in Palestine at the beginning of the 1920s, Lotte Cohn later considered herself to be a contemporary witness writing about her generation of pioneer immigrants of the Third Aliya. Her personal archive is also of academic interest in this respect because only a few memoirs and documents chronicle the lives of the approximately 2,000 German speaking Jews, among them many women, who lived in Palestine prior to 1933.The aim of this interdisciplinary project, based on Lotte Cohn's personal archive, is to open up the contextual space of her work in Israeli building history in the 20th century, to document and critically assess it. At the centre of this source-critical study are questions of the sociological, ideological and political dimensions of architectural production in building the Jewish state; the institutionalization of professional networks between Zionist architects; equal opportunities in receiving building commissions, as well as the female view of Zionist architecture and town planning. In addition, an important aim of the research project is the documentation of the German speaking immigration of the Third Aliyah, and their contribution to building the Jewish homeland in Eretz Israel. A database is under development.