Solar cycle properties and surface-field reconstruction from sunspot observations by Schwabe

自1874年以来，关于太阳黑子群的详细信息已经有了连续的记录。从更长的时间序列追溯到过去，将大大有助于对太阳周期的理解。我们建议使用S.H.Schwabe在1825-1867年绘制的原始图纸上测量的新的可用的太阳黑子位置和面积。这些观测数据于2009年由PI数字化。在DFG项目中获得了太阳黑子的个别位置和面积以及它们在活动区的分组。我们建议用这些数据来检验和改进重建磁图的经验关系。这类地图以及总通量和开放通量的时间序列将使用地表通量输送模型重建。我们还将从Spot数据中研究南北不对称，北半球与南半球周期中可能的相移，以及太阳黑子衰变导致太阳大气中的湍流扩散值。另一个目标是确定19世纪太阳的差动自转。

A continuous record of detailed information on sunspot groups has been available since 1874. The understanding of the solar cycle would greatly benefit from a longer time series into the past. We propose to use newly available sunspot positions and areas measured on the original drawings made by S.H. Schwabe in 1825-1867. The observations were digitized by the PI in 2009. The individual positions and areas of the sunspots as well as their groupings in active regions were obtained within DFG project. We propose to test and improve empirical relations for the reconstruction of magnetic maps with these data. Such maps as well as time series for the total and open flux will be reconstructed using a surface flux transport model. We will also study the north-south asymmetry from the spot data, possible phase shifts in the cycles on the northern against the southern hemisphere, and sunspot decay leading to turbulent diffusion values in the solar atmosphere. Another goal is the determination of the differential rotation of the Sun in the 19th century.