CRII: CHS: Do virtual behaviors represent reality: Examining human behavioral validity in virtual reality interactions

虚拟现实在研究人类行为方面正变得越来越普遍，因为它提供了各种情况的模拟，因此有利于标准化的培训、教育和实验研究。然而，虚拟现实可能不包含所有的感官线索（如气味、气味）和非感知因素（如后果、时间压力），这些因素会唤起现实世界中通常表现出来的行为。对虚拟现实实验中参与者行为效度的研究有限。因此，本研究的主要目标是研究虚拟现实中人类行为的有效性，从而加强研究结果的可转移性和普遍性。研究人员将从这项工作中受益，因为他们将能够应用假设的感知-行为框架。整个社会都将受益，因为私营企业将能够利用成果和指导方针来生产增强的虚拟现实技术和其他消费产品。有两个主要的研究目标。(1)了解沉浸对沉浸式虚拟环境中感知-行为关系的影响。沉浸感是虚拟现实的一种可量化度量。例如，更具沉浸感的虚拟环境将提供比不那么沉浸感的虚拟环境更广泛的线索。(2)研究并表征沉浸式虚拟环境中影响行为效度的非感知因素。非感知因素包括时间压力和后果（但不包括生或死，因为它是虚拟的）。参与者表现出的行为（表现和行动）将在两个研究目标中进行检查。实证实验将进行收集定量和定性数据，以支持这两个研究目标驱动的调查。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Virtual reality is becoming commonplace to study human behavior because it affords simulations of various situations, thus is advantageous for standardized training, education, and experimental research. However, virtual reality may not contain all sensory cues (e.g., smell, scent) and non-perceptual factors (e.g., consequence, time pressure) that would evoke behaviors normally exhibited in the real world. There is limited research on behavioral validity of participants in virtual reality experiments. Thus, the principal goal of this research is to study the validity of human behavior in virtual reality, and thereby strengthen the transferability and generalizability of findings. Researchers will benefit from this work, as they will be able to apply the postulated perceptual-behavioral framework. Society in general will benefit, as private industry will be able to leverage the outcomes and guidelines to yield enhanced virtual reality technologies and other consumer products. There are two primary research objectives. (1) Understand effects of immersion on perceptual-behavioral relationship in an immersive virtual environment. Immersion is a quantifiable measure of virtual reality. A more immersive virtual environment will offer, for example, more extensive cues than a less immersive virtual environment. (2) Study and characterize non-perceptual factors that influence behavioral validity in an immersive virtual environment. Non-perceptual factors include time pressure and consequences (but not life or death because it is virtual). Behaviors (performance and actions) exhibited by participants will be examined in both research objectives. Empirical experiments will be conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative data to support the investigation driven by these two research objectives.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.