Catching up the Science of Problem Properties: The Microspatial Dynamics of Crime, Disorder, and Property Management

犯罪学家和警察部门长期以来都在寻求了解和解决特定城市各地犯罪的明显差异。近年来，这催生了一种新兴的执法策略，它专注于“问题房产”，这些房产比他们所在街道或附近的其他房产产生的犯罪和混乱要多得多。然而，这样的努力已经走在了科学的前面--目前几乎没有指导其设计的基础知识，也几乎没有对其有效性的评估。这个项目将推进问题性质的科学，并通过追求三个问题将其转化为有效的干预措施。首先，犯罪和住址骚乱的微观空间动态是什么？第二，以土地所有者和租户为目标进行物业管理和使用的执法战略有何影响？第三，前两个问题的答案如何与街道和社区因素相互作用？该项目将利用波士顿地区研究倡议(BARI)、NSF研究协调网络和波士顿问题物业工作组(PPTF)之间的现有合作伙伴关系。它将包括三个组成部分。(1)对BARI的波士顿数据门户网站提供的档案数据进行分析，包括911和311关于犯罪和骚乱的报告、所有权信息以及其他行政记录和社交媒体帖子，将提供对不同类型问题属性的洞察，以及预测其出现和持续的因素。(2)观察问题物业及其附近的问题物业和匹配的非问题物业，并对土地所有者和租户进行调查，将提供对当地情况、物业管理模式以及与邻里互动的更丰富的看法。(3)BARI和PPTF将通过随机对照试验设计并进行问题属性干预的实验评估。评估将通过项目第一部分和第二部分中产生的数据产品、分析技术和理论见解进行解释，重点放在犯罪置换和对财产所有者行为的影响方面的问题。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Criminologists and police departments alike have long sought to understand and address the stark variation in crime across a given city. In recent years, this has given rise to an emerging law enforcement strategy that concentrates on "problem properties" that generate dramatically more crime and disorder than other properties on their street or in their neighborhood. Such efforts, however, have gone ahead of the science--at this time there is little foundational knowledge to guide their design and few evaluations of their effectiveness. This project will advance the science of problem properties and translate it into effective interventions by pursuing three questions. First, what are the microspatial dynamics of crime and disorder at addresses? Second, what are the implications of a law enforcement strategy that implicitly targets landowners and tenants for property management and use? Third, how do the answers to the first two questions interact with street and neighborhood factors?The project will leverage an existing partnership between the Boston Area Research Initiative (BARI), an NSF Research Coordination Network, and the City of Boston's Problem Properties Task Force (PPTF). It will comprise three components. (1) The analysis of archival data provided by BARI's Boston Data Portal, including 911 and 311 reports of crime and disorder, ownership information, and other administrative records and social media posts, will offer insights into the different types of problem properties, as well as factors that predict their emergence and persistence. (2) Observation at and nearby problem properties and matched non-problem properties and surveys of landowners and tenants will provide a richer view of local conditions, patterns of property management, and interactions with the neighborhood. (3) BARI and the PPTF will design and conduct an experimental evaluation of problem property interventions through a randomized control trial. The evaluation will be interpreted via the data products, analytic techniques, and theoretical insights generated in Parts 1 and 2 of the project with a focus on questions of crime displacement and impacts on the behavior of property owners.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.