CAREER: Unity in Diversity? Migration, Culture and National Development

这个职业项目使用最新的经济研究方法来探索个人和国家如何适应多样化的挑战。这项研究将移徙及其社会后果结合在一起，重点放在三个相互关联的主题上：(1)了解低收入工人的移徙选择；(2)确定文化分歧的根源和后果；(3)审查能够帮助不同群体共存和繁荣的政策。这些发现将直接为几场重要的政策辩论提供信息：弱势移民的福祉、宗教政治的兴起、性别不平等的文化根源，以及新社区的政治代表性。通过将重点放在世界上最大和最多样化的国家之一-美国-这项研究将提供对在多样性中建立团结的困难的见解，并确定政策影响这一进程的范围。这项工作将为在美国公民和世界其他地区之间架起桥梁提供新的机会。这些项目还将开发新的数据和方法，可用于在其他情况下探讨相关问题。这一研究项目的结果将导致加强和稳定社会机构的政策，从而促进经济增长。选举结果还将加强美国在民主多元化方面的全球领导地位。这项职业研究议程以五个项目为基础，这些项目将为不同社会中的移徙和国家发展提供新的线索。项目1研究了首次应用消费者质量评级来解决全球劳动力市场中的信息不对称问题。项目2涉及美国保守的性别规范的历史渊源，并探索边境解决方案如何促成政治和劳动力市场中持续存在的性别不平等。项目3调查了宗教分裂，并为一些宗教信仰的兴起提供了新的解释。项目4考察了宗教学校和公立学校之间的竞争如何影响人力资本的形成和国家的意识形态基础。项目5开发了一个新的框架，用于研究地方政治边界如何影响获得公共产品方面的不平等。这些项目依赖于广泛的工具包，包括随机实验(项目1)、新颖的历史数据收集(项目2、3和4)以及自然政策实验(项目3、4和5)。这项研究的发现将促进关于移民以及多样性的政治和经济后果的社会科学知识。这一研究项目的结果可能有助于制定有助于融合、加强和稳定社会机构的政策，从而促进经济增长。这一结果也将加强美国在民主多元化方面的全球领导地位。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This CAREER project uses the latest economic research methods to explore how individuals and nations adapt to the challenges of diversity. The research brings together migration and its social consequences with a focus on three interconnected themes: (i) understanding migration choices of low-income workers, (ii) identifying the origins and consequences of cultural divisions, and (iii) examining policies that can help diverse groups coexist and thrive. The findings will directly inform several important policy debates: the wellbeing of vulnerable migrants, the rise of religious politics, the cultural origins of gender inequality, and political representation in new communities. By focusing on one of the largest and most diverse countries in the world---the United States---this research will offer insights into the difficulties of building unity amidst diversity and also identify the scope for policy to influence this process. This work will provide new opportunities for building bridges between citizens of the U.S. and other parts of the world. The projects will additionally develop new data and methods that can be used to explore related issues in other contexts. The results of this research project will lead to policies that strengthen and stabilize social institutions, hence increase economic growth. The results will also enhance America’s global leadership in democratic pluralism. This CAREER research agenda is based on five projects that will shed new light on migration and national development in diverse societies. Project 1 studies the first application of consumer quality ratings to address information asymmetries in global labor markets. Project 2 concerns the historical origins of conservative gender norms in the U.S. and explores how frontier settlement contributed to a persistent legacy of gender inequality in politics and the labor market. Project 3 investigates religious divisions and provides a novel explanation for the rise of some religious beliefs. Project 4 examines how competition between religious and public schools affects human capital formation and the ideological foundations of the state. Project 5 develops a new framework for studying how local political boundaries shape inequality in access to public goods. These projects rely on a broad toolkit including a randomized experiment (Project 1), novel historical data collection (Projects 2, 3, and 4), and natural policy experiments (Projects 3, 4, and 5). The findings from this research will advance social science knowledge about migration and the political and economic consequences of diversity. The results of this research project could help develop policies that help integration, strengthen and stabilize social institutions, hence increase economic growth. The results will also enhance America’s global leadership in democratic pluralism.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.