Mid-scale RI-2: A first-of-its-kind X-ray facility for new science at the high magnetic field frontier

高能x射线是研究材料、分子、生物体和器件的不可缺少的工具。他们解决物理，化学和结构性质跨越广泛的长度和时间尺度。x射线直接探测材料中电子非常重要的自由度。强磁场广泛应用于科学和工业领域。它们解析了量子材料的电子特性，诱导了物质的新相，并使核磁共振成为可能。它们对医学成像和粒子加速至关重要。外加磁场与x射线探测到的电子自由度直接耦合。对于研究人员来说，利用磁场操纵电子并利用x射线监测它们的反应，存在着丰富的科学机会。该奖项支持实现一个中等规模的基础设施项目，该项目利用尖端的同步加速器x射线工具，通过在康奈尔高能同步加速器源（CHESS）建立专用的高磁场（HMF） x射线设施，在高磁场前沿实现新科学。该提案是国际象棋，国家高磁场实验室（MagLab）和波多黎各大学（UPR）之间的合作伙伴关系。拟议的研究基础设施将服务于国家科学基金会（NSF）资助的两个前沿设施- CHESS和MagLab的大型多学科用户社区之间的融合研究。该项目将邀请来自代表性不足群体的早期职业研究人员参与尖端x射线和磁铁技术的设计和实施，特别侧重于培训普遍定期审议的学生成为未来的技术领导者。由该项目实现的康奈尔高能同步加速器源（CHESS）的高磁场束线（HMF）将结合最好的x射线束线和最高的直流磁场，利用x射线科学和高磁场科学不同学科的领先专家的才能，提供世界上独一无二的研究能力。x射线光束线设计基于3个优先事项：提供高光子通量，允许在广泛的x射线能量范围内精确控制x射线偏振和光束尺寸，并利用复杂的分析仪和探测器系统来实现多模态x射线测量。仅根据x射线光束和探测的特性进行评估，HMF将与世界上任何磁散射或光谱学光束线的能力相媲美。HMF将采用定制的低温超导磁体，产生高达20特斯拉的连续磁场。随着国家高磁场实验室（MagLab）高温超导磁体技术的发展，光束线的设计将适应未来更高磁场的磁体，这将成为可能。在高度优化的x射线束线上，高直流磁场的结合使该设施真正成为世界领先的。该项目的目标包括培养学生，增加代表性不足群体的参与，并为更广泛的美国研究界带来切实利益。该合同将整合波多黎各大学（UPR）在里约热内卢Piedras的研究生参与新光束线的开发、建设和调试。HMF设施的主要科学驱动力是量子材料科学，具有重大的更广泛的社会影响：“量子飞跃”有望开发出全新的传感、计算和通信技术。实现“量子飞跃”的另一个关键是为国家培养新的量子劳动力。在高磁场x射线科学领域取得国际领先地位，该项目将有助于确保在美国培养和留住顶尖人才。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

High-energy X-rays are an indispensable tool for research into materials, molecules, organisms, and devices. They resolve physical, chemical, and structural properties across a wide range of length- and time-scales. X-rays probe directly the very important degrees of freedom of electrons in a material. High magnetic fields are broadly used across science and industry. They resolve the electronic properties of quantum materials, induce new phases of matter, and enable nuclear magnetic resonance. They are critical for medical imaging and particle acceleration. Applied magnetic fields couple directly to the same electronic degrees of freedom that are probed by X-rays. Rich science opportunities exist for researchers to manipulate electrons using magnetic fields and monitor their response using X-rays. This award supports the realization of a mid-scale infrastructure project that exploits cutting edge synchrotron X-ray tools to enable new science at the high magnetic field frontier by building a dedicated High Magnetic Field (HMF) X-ray facility at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). This proposal is a partnership between CHESS, the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (MagLab), and the University of Puerto Rico (UPR). The proposed research infrastructure will serve convergence research between the large, multidisciplinary user communities of two forefront National Science Foundation (NSF) funded facilities – CHESS and the MagLab. The project will engage early career researchers from underrepresented groups in design and implementation of cutting-edge X-ray and magnet technology, with particular focus on training students from UPR to become future technology leaders.The High Magnetic Field Beamline (HMF) at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) realized by this project, will combine the best possible X-ray beamline with the highest possible DC magnetic fields, drawing on the talents of leading experts in the distinct disciplines of X-ray science and high magnetic field science to deliver research capabilities that are unique in the world. The X-ray beamline design is based on 3 priorities: delivering high photon flux, allowing precise control of X-ray polarization and beam size over a wide range of X-ray energies, and exploiting sophisticated analyzer and detector systems to enable multimodal X-ray measurements. Evaluated solely on the characteristics of the X-ray beams and detection, HMF will rival the capabilities of any magnetic scattering or spectroscopy beamline in the world. HMF will feature a custom low-temperature superconducting magnet generating continuous fields as high as 20 Tesla. The beamline will be designed to accommodate even higher field magnets in the future which will become feasible through the development of high temperature superconducting magnet technology at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (MagLab). With this combination of high DC magnetic fields available at a highly optimized X-ray beamline, the facility becomes truly world-leading. This project embraces goals of student training, increased participation of underrepresented groups, and extension of tangible benefits to the wider US research community. This award will integrate graduate students from the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) at Rio Piedras into the development, construction, and commissioning of the new beamline.A main science driver for the HMF facility is quantum materials science, with significant broader societal impacts: The "quantum leap that promises to develop radical new sensing, computing, and communications technologies. Another key to enable the "quantum leap" is to train a new quantum workforce for the nation. Seizing international leadership in high magnetic field x-ray science, this project will help ensure that top talent is trained and retained in the US.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.