RAPID: Perceived Risk and Impacts of COVID-19 in Socially Vulnerable Urban Neighborhoods

COVID-19大流行需要前所未有的应对政策，包括居家令、关闭学校和非必要业务及服务以及旅行限制。随着这些政策的实施，美国深刻的居住隔离也造成了低收入少数民族社区与其他社区相比所面临的背景条件的差异。了解住房条件、社区社会经济条件、获得基本服务的机会和社区情绪如何影响人们对大流行病的体验非常重要，因为减少疾病传播和公共卫生系统负担的关键取决于人们呆在家里。这个快速反应研究（RAPID）项目将研究建筑和社会环境的特征如何影响COVID-19的影响以及相关的应对政策对风险认知，心理健康，财务状况和食品安全的影响，这些影响针对的是投资减少，种族隔离的城市地区的居民。我们的方法推进了风险认知科学和社区脆弱性和复原力模型。这些数据和见解将有助于政策制定者在COVID-19大流行期间将援助目标对准最需要支持的个人和社区。这项研究还将协助规划美国社会中最脆弱群体的大流行后恢复。该项目建立在一项现有的纵向小组研究的基础上，该研究对参与匹兹堡山/霍姆伍德社区与健康研究（PHRESH）的两个社区的居民进行了研究。随机选择的PHRESH队列包括1，000个家庭，自2011年以来收集了有关粮食安全和获取，家庭条件，复原力，身心健康，社会凝聚力和广泛的社会人口数据的数据。从PHRESH队列中随机选择500名个体进行电话调查，其中包括新问题：COVID-19疾病和政策经验;邻里感知和满意度;感知风险的认知，情感和行为要素;以及对心理健康，财务状况和食品安全的影响。该项目将测试以下假设：COVID-19和相关政策影响风险应对、心理健康结果、财务状况和粮食安全，其中1）社会和建筑环境特征会放大或减少（即，缓和）COVID-19的影响和2）社区情绪，如邻里的看法和满意度可能解释（即，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The COVID-19 pandemic is requiring unprecedented response policies, including stay-at-home orders, closing of schools and non-essential businesses and services, and travel restrictions. As these policies are implemented, profound residential segregation in the US also creates differences in the backdrop of conditions faced by lower-income, minority communities, compared with others. Understanding how housing conditions, neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, access to basic services, and community sentiment affects people’s experiences of the pandemic is important because reducing the spread of the disease and burden on the public health system depends critically on people staying at home. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project will examine how characteristics of built and social environments influence the impacts of COVID-19 and associated response policies on risk perceptions, mental health, financial well-being, and food security for residents in disinvested, racially isolated, urban areas. Our approach advances the science of risk perception and models of community vulnerability and resilience. The data and insights will help policymakers to target assistance toward individuals and neighborhoods most in need of support during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research will also assist planning for post-pandemic recovery among the most vulnerable in US society.The project builds on an existing longitudinal panel study of residents in two neighborhoods participating in the Pittsburgh Hill/Homewood Research on Neighborhoods and Health (PHRESH). The randomly selected PHRESH cohort comprises 1,000 households for which data have been collected since 2011 on food security and access, home conditions, resilience, physical and mental health, social cohesion, and extensive sociodemographic data. A randomly selected subsample of 500 individuals from the PHRESH cohort will be administered a telephone survey that includes new questions about: COVID-19 illness and policy experiences; neighborhood perceptions and satisfaction; cognitive, affective, and behavioral elements of perceived risk; and impacts on mental health, financial well-being, and food security. This project will test the hypotheses that COVID-19 and associated policies impact risk responses, mental health outcomes, financial well-being, and food security, with 1) social and built environment characteristics either amplifying or reducing (i.e., moderating) the effect of COVID-19 and 2) community sentiment such as neighborhood perceptions and satisfaction potentially explaining (i.e., mediating) any significant associations between COVID-19 and study outcomes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.