CRII: CNS: Cloud Cartography: Measurement Capabilities for the Modern Internet

公共云在现代生活中无处不在，其重要性需要了解云应用程序和用户之间的路径，以便更好地为公共政策、云外部的网络运营和云应用程序开发人员提供信息。云广域网（WAN）将用户连接到云资源，如应用程序，存储和内容，但对于除云本身之外的所有人来说都是一个黑匣子。该项目将全面了解云和云外用户之间的路径，帮助诊断和定位云应用程序及其用户之间的问题，为将应用程序和内容部署到云中提供信息，并促进美国与其他地区的连接比较。此外，准确解释从用户到云的路径的能力为开发工具提供了潜力，即使是非技术用户也可以识别网络性能下降的责任方。该项目还将为本科生提供云计算和云网络测量的实践经验，通过一个旨在吸引和指导妇女和代表性不足的少数群体的课程，该项目包括新的技术来完成两个独立但相关的任务，以克服当前互联网制图的重要缺点。第一个任务设计了新的跟踪路由探测和解释技术，以准确地解释公共云用于到达世界各地用户的路径上的每个路由器的网络运营商，特别注意云WAN和其他互联网网络之间的互连点。任务1的结果将为公共云提供商和公共互联网之间的交互提供前所未有的视图，并揭示云应用程序到达用户的路径。任务2回顾了几十年来的挑战，即从单个观察到的路径推断网络互连和基础设施所有权，这是一个由于路径测量能力的根本限制而持续存在的挑战。任务1的结果将有助于开发、实施、测试和验证解决方案，以解决从用户到云的路径问题。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Public clouds are ubiquitous in modern life, and their importance necessitates understanding the paths between cloud applications and users to better inform public policy, network operations outside the cloud, and cloud application developers. Cloud wide area networks (WANs) connect users to cloud resources, such as applications, storage, and content, but function as a black box for everyone but the clouds themselves. This project will enable a comprehensive understanding of the paths between clouds and users outside the cloud, helping to diagnose and locate problems between cloud applications and their users, inform the deployment of applications and content into the clouds, and facilitate comparison of connectivity in the United States to other regions. Furthermore, the ability to accurately interpret paths from users to the cloud offers the potential for developing tools to allow even non-technical users to identify the responsible party for network performance degradations. The project will also provide undergraduate students the opportunity for hands-on experience with cloud computing and cloud network measurement, through a class designed to engage and mentor women and underrepresented minorities.This project includes novel techniques to accomplish two separate but related tasks to overcome important shortcomings of current Internet cartography. The first task devises new traceroute probing and interpretation techniques to accurately interpret the network operator for each router on the paths that the public clouds use to reach users around the world, paying special attention to the points of interconnection between cloud WANs and other Internet networks. The results from Task 1 will provide an unprecedented view of the interaction between public cloud providers and the public Internet, and reveal the paths that cloud applications take to reach their users. Task 2 revisits the decades-old challenge of inferring network interconnections and infrastructure ownership from individual observed paths, a persistent challenge due to fundamental limitations of path measurement capabilities. The results from Task 1 will help develop, implement, test, and validate a solution to this problem for paths from users toward the cloud.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.