The development of settlement patterns and the cultural landscape in the environs of the Heuneburg during the Hallstatt and Early Latène periods

几十年来，Heuneburg一直在国内和国际上对铁器时代的研究中发挥着关键作用。20世纪50年代至70年代由德国联邦政府资助的高原发掘工作，以及2004年至2010年在下城和外聚落地区开展的工作，不仅加深了我们对Heuneburg本身和“王侯座”的理解，而且为研究哈尔施塔特时期的文化背景和过程的设计做出了重大贡献。近年来的调查和经常令人惊讶的新发现（例如石门、木桥、外部定居点、阿尔特堡、哈尔施塔特时期的道路、一个女孩的坟墓和bettelb<e:2> hl的木制墓室坟墓）都有力地证明了我们仍然可以从Heuneburg中学到多少东西，以及它对长期项目的巨大研究潜力。几乎没有人对Heuneburg的进一步环境以及中心地区与周边地区之间的经济、社会和仪式关系以及交通路线的问题进行过研究。因此，长期项目的主要目标之一是调查Hallstatt和早期lat<e:1>时期区域农村定居结构（开放的农场，村庄）的发展。为此，将对两个覆盖不同自然环境的样带进行系统的野外行走、大规模的物探和针对性的乡村聚落挖掘。也没有对其他山堡与它们自己的分区域环境和与休尼堡本身的关系进行任何研究。作为长期项目的一部分，为此计划进行的调查和挖掘工作将为确定山堡遗址的年代以及了解其发展和功能提供必要的基础。这方面的重点将放在检验分层集权的假设上。第一次研究了该地区在拉丁早期的发展，即在Heuneburg被遗弃后的一段时间。最近的发现表明，巨大的防御工事和巨大的墓室仍然是一个持久的因素，形成了早期和中期拉丁美洲时期的仪式景观。最后，关于广泛的外部聚落的研究，仍然迫切需要进一步的工作，因为只有通过对保存特别完好的地区进行系统的调查，才能得出关于其内部结构和结构要素的时间安排的可靠结论。

For many decades the Heuneburg has enjoyed a key role in national and international research on the Iron Age. The excavations on the high plateau financed by the DFG in the 1950s to 1970s and the work carried out in the area of the lower town and the outer settlement in the years 2004 to 2010 not only deepened our understanding of the Heuneburg itself and the "princely seats", but also contributed significantly to the design of research into the cultural background and processes of the Hallstatt period.The investigations and the often surprising new discoveries of recent years (e.g. stone gate, wooden bridge, outer settlement, Alte Burg, Hallstatt period road, tomb of a girl and wooden chamber grave at Bettelbühl) all bear imposing witness to just how much we can still learn from the Heuneburg, as well as to its enormous research potential for a long-term project: Almost no research has been conducted on the further environment of the Heuneburg and the question of the economic, social and ritual relationships and the transport routes between the central place and the surrounding area. One of the main aims of the long-term project is therefore the investigation of the development of regional rural settlement structures (open farmsteads, hamlets) during the Hallstatt and Early Latène periods. In order to achieve this, systematic field walking, large-scale geophysical prospection and targeted excavations of rural settlements in two transects that cover different natural environments will be carried out. Nor has any research been carried out on the relationships of the other hillforts, both with their own subregional surroundings and with the Heuneburg itself. The surveys and excavations that are planned to this end as part of the long-term project will provide the necessary basis for the dating of the hillforts sites, as well as for an understanding of their development and their function. Priority in this will be placed on testing the hypothesis of a hierarchical centralisation. For the first time the development of the region in the Early Latène period is to be researched, that is in the period immediately after the abandonment of the Heuneburg. Recent discoveries suggest that the monumental fortifications and the massive tumuli continued to be a lasting factor that shaped the ritual landscape well into the Early and Middle Latène periods. Finally, as regards research on the extensive outer settlement, there is still an urgent need for further work, for it is only through systematic investigation of the particularly well preserved areas that reliable conclusions can be drawn about its internal structure and about the chronological arrangement of the structural elements.