LTREB: Female Settlement Patterns and Social Relationships in Chimpanzees, a Male-Philopatric Species

LTREB：雄性黑猩猩的女性定居模式和社会关系

• 批准号: 1457260
• 负责人: Anne Pusey
• 金额: $ 44.79万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-01 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457260&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; Female; Settlement; Patterns; Social

Social connectedness greatly affects human health. Investigation of the evolutionary basis of human relationships through study of factors influencing social bonding in chimpanzees, humans' closest living relatives, will reveal how and why social bonds are important. Chimpanzees, like humans, are very unusual among mammals in that males remain in their birth group, while most females join another group at adolescence. Kinship is a powerful basis for friendly bonds, but dispersing females must leave their kin and join groups of unrelated individuals, many of which are hostile to these new competitors. This project takes advantage of the uniquely long-term field study of the Gombe chimpanzees, initiated by Jane Goodall in 1960, to examine factors influencing whether females disperse, how they integrate into a new community, the kinds of relationships they establish with other females, and how they benefit from these bonds. Results, disseminated in scientific papers, the press, film documentaries, and widely visited websites will keep these iconic chimpanzees in the public eye, and will continue to draw young people (especially women) into science. The project involves undergraduates from underrepresented groups and provides scientific training and education experience to Tanzanians. It provides crucial information for community conservation efforts around Gombe and across Africa.In the first half of the decadal research plan, the objectives have been to compile and analyze 40 years of spatially-explicit ecological and behavioral data to identify factors influencing female distribution and social association, and to initiate collection of behavioral data on young females in three communities as they settle. In the next 5 years, the first objective is to continue data collection on maturing females to produce a sufficient sample to test the hypothesis that female settlement is based on the location of high quality resources, the density and dominance rank of resident females, and the presence of related or familiar females. The second objective is to collect detailed data on adult female behavior to test hypotheses arising from initial analyses about the nature and consequences of female relationships. Do social bonds enhance the ability to compete for resources and/or dominance via coalitionary aggression? Do bonds with other mothers benefit male offspring by promoting their interactions with male peers? Results will contribute to greater understanding of chimpanzee behavior and provide a basis from which to consider the evolution of mammalian social organization and human relationships. Data are compiled in a relational database, stored at Duke University and available to colleagues, worldwide.

社会联系极大地影响着人类健康。通过研究影响人类近亲黑猩猩社会纽带的因素，对人类关系的进化基础进行调查，将揭示社会纽带是如何以及为什么重要。黑猩猩和人类一样，在哺乳动物中是非常不寻常的，因为雄性会留在出生的群体中，而大多数雌性在青春期加入另一个群体。亲属关系是建立友好关系的强大基础，但分散的雌性必须离开亲属，加入由无关个体组成的群体，其中许多人对这些新的竞争者怀有敌意。 这个项目利用了珍·古道尔于1960年发起的对贡贝黑猩猩的独特的长期实地研究，来研究影响雌性黑猩猩是否分散的因素，它们如何融入一个新的社区，它们与其他雌性黑猩猩建立的关系，以及它们如何从这些纽带中受益。科学论文、新闻、电影纪录片和访问量很大的网站所传播的研究结果将使这些标志性的黑猩猩继续留在公众的视线中，并将继续吸引年轻人（尤其是女性）进入科学领域。该项目涉及代表性不足群体的大学生，并为坦桑尼亚人提供科学培训和教育经验。它为贡贝周围和整个非洲的社区保护工作提供了重要信息。在十年研究计划的前半部分，目标是汇编和分析40年的空间明确的生态和行为数据，以确定影响女性分布和社会联系的因素，并开始收集三个社区的年轻女性的行为数据。在今后5年中，第一个目标是继续收集关于成熟雌性的数据，以产生足够的样本来检验以下假设：雌性定居是基于优质资源的位置、居民雌性的密度和优势地位以及相关或熟悉的雌性的存在。第二个目标是收集关于成年女性行为的详细数据，以检验从对女性关系的性质和后果的初步分析中得出的假设。社会纽带是否能通过联盟攻击增强竞争资源和/或支配地位的能力？与其他母亲的联系是否会通过促进他们与男性同龄人的互动而使男性后代受益？研究结果将有助于更好地理解黑猩猩的行为，并为考虑哺乳动物社会组织和人类关系的进化提供基础。 数据汇编在一个关系数据库中，存储在杜克大学，并提供给世界各地的同事。