Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure: Natural Hazard and Disaster Reconnaissance (RAPID) Facility 2021-2025

自然灾害工程研究基础设施（NHERI）由美国国家科学基金会（NSF）支持，作为一个分布式、多用户的国家设施，为自然灾害工程研究界提供研究基础设施，包括地震和风力工程实验设施、网络基础设施（CI）、计算建模和仿真工具、高性能计算资源和研究数据。以及教育和社区外展活动。NHERI最初由项目招标NSF 14-605和NSF 15-598资助，自2015年以来通过网络协调办公室、CI、计算建模和仿真中心以及实验设施（包括自然灾害和灾后侦察研究设施）的独立但协调的五年研究基础设施奖运作。有关NHERI资源的信息可在NHERI门户网站（https://www.DesignSafe-ci.org）获得。授予NHERI的奖项有助于NSF在国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）和国家减少风暴影响计划（NWIRP）中发挥作用。NHERI实验设施将为nsf支持的研究和教育奖励提供对其实验资源、用户服务和数据管理基础设施的访问。该合同将续签NHERI的自然灾害和灾害侦察（RAPID）设施，期限为2021年9月1日至2025年9月30日。华盛顿大学及其合作伙伴（俄勒冈州立大学、佛罗里达大学、弗吉尼亚理工学院和州立大学）将通过该合同继续维护、运营和增强RAPID设施。正如NHERI科学计划所强调的那样，建模和模拟是自然灾害社区更广泛目标的核心，即理解、模拟和预测建筑、自然和社会系统在自然灾害事件发生期间和之后的性能。RAPID基金的主要科学目标是通过支持高质量灾害数据集的收集、开发和评估，为自然灾害计算模拟模型、基础设施设计和性能评估方法以及社会影响分析提供信息。通过快速收集高分辨率数据集，先进的侦察仪器在为学术、研究和专业团体提供前所未有的高质量、开源、工程、地球物理、社会和行为数据方面发挥着核心作用。RAPID设施产生的现场数据将存档在NHERI DesignSafe网站门户中。RAPID设施的外联项目包括培训讲习班，为研究人员提供将RAPID仪器带入实地所需的实用知识，并成功收集数据，以推进他们的研究和倡议，使本科生和研究生参与与自然灾害相关的研究。RAPID设施组合包括100多种独特的现场仪器，包括收集三维，基于图像的先进调查数据的技术，以服务于多个学科。在这些技术中，陆地激光雷达系统能够扫描2.4公里的范围进行景观规模的测绘，而更小的、高度便携的系统则可以在短短两分钟内进行局部站点规模的测绘。其他地理信息技术包括各种具有实时运动定位系统的无人驾驶飞机系统，以实现高精度测量，具有长飞行时间和绘制大区域地图能力的小型固定翼飞机，以及空中激光雷达平台。其他仪器包括便携式车载“街景”型成像系统；地震仪和加速度计阵列；地面调查设备，包括无线多信道表面波分析系统；用于获取水深的自主水文测量船；还有水位计和流速计。RAPID设施开发并维护了侦察移动软件应用RApp （RAPID应用），它集成了现场数据的收集，如复杂的问卷调查、照片、视频、音频和与RAPID仪器数据收集相关的元数据。RAPID设施还拥有高性能计算资源，以加快现场数据的处理和可视化，并在设施用户从部署返回后为其提供数据处理支持。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a distributed, multi-user national facility to provide the natural hazards engineering research community with access to research infrastructure that includes earthquake and wind engineering experimental facilities, cyberinfrastructure (CI), computational modeling and simulation tools, high-performance computing resources, and research data, as well as education and community outreach activities. Originally funded under program solicitations NSF 14-605 and NSF 15-598, NHERI has operated since 2015 through separate, but coordinated, five-year research infrastructure awards for a Network Coordination Office, CI, Computational Modeling and Simulation Center, and Experimental Facilities, including a natural hazards and post-disaster reconnaissance research facility. Information about NHERI resources is available at the NHERI web portal (https://www.DesignSafe-ci.org). Awards made for NHERI contribute to NSF's role in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) and the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program (NWIRP). NHERI Experimental Facilities will provide access to their experimental resources, user services, and data management infrastructure for NSF-supported research and education awards. This award will renew the Natural Hazard and Disaster Reconnaissance (RAPID) facility of NHERI from September 1, 2021, to September 30, 2025. The University of Washington and its partners (Oregon State University, University of Florida, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) will continue to maintain, operate, and enhance the RAPID facility through this award. As underscored in the NHERI Science Plan, modeling and simulation lie at the center of the natural hazard community's broader goal to understand, simulate, and predict the performance of built, natural, and social systems during and after natural hazards events. The RAPID facility's principal scientific goal is to inform natural hazards computational simulation models, infrastructure design and performance assessment methods, and social impact analysis by supporting the collection, development, and evaluation of high-quality disaster data sets. By enabling the prompt collection of high-resolution data sets, advanced reconnaissance instrumentation plays a central role in providing the academic, research, and professional communities with an unprecedented volume of high-quality, open-source, engineering, geophysical, social, and behavioral data. Field data generated by the RAPID facility will be archived in the NHERI DesignSafe web portal. The RAPID facility's outreach programs include training workshops that provide researchers with the practical knowledge required to take RAPID instrumentation into the field and successfully collect data that advance their research and initiatives to engage undergraduate and graduate students in natural hazards-related research.The RAPID facility portfolio includes over 100 unique field instruments, including technologies to collect three-dimensional, image-based, advanced survey data to serve multiple disciplines. Among such technologies are terrestrial lidar systems capable of scanning ranges up to 2.4 km for landscape-scale mapping and smaller, highly portable systems for mapping at a local site scale in as little as two minutes. Other geomatics technologies include various uncrewed aircraft systems with real-time kinematic positioning systems to enable high accuracy surveying, small fixed-wing aircraft with long flight times and the ability to map large regions, and an aerial lidar platform. Additional instruments include portable, vehicle-mounted "street view"-type imaging systems; seismometer and accelerometer arrays; ground investigation equipment, including a wireless multi-channel analysis of surface wave system; an autonomous hydrographic survey vessel for acquiring bathymetry; and water level gauges and flow velocity meters. The RAPID facility has developed and maintains the reconnaissance mobile software application RApp ("RAPID application"), which integrates the collection of field data such as complex questionnaires, photos, video, audio, and metadata associated with RAPID instrumentation data collection. The RAPID facility also hosts high-performance computing resources to expedite the processing and visualization of field data and provides data processing support to facility users after they return from deployments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.