A Modular Approach to Multi-responsive Surfactant/peptide (SP) and Surfactant/peptide/nanoparticle (SPN) Hybrid Materials

自组装为制造具有可预测和可调节性质的新型材料提供了独特的手段。近年来，联合收割机组装体的结构与功能的结合引起了人们极大的兴趣，本文提出了一种新的具有明确结构和功能的表面活性剂/肽（SP）和表面活性剂/肽/纳米粒子（SPN）杂化材料的制备方法。简而言之，我们将联合收割机离子表面活性剂与带相反电荷的肽结合。在这样做的过程中，我们可以构建（超）分子构建块，在溶液和固态下自组装。如果表面活性剂含有对光、温度或压力有响应的介晶，我们可以制造多响应SP杂化物，其中两个或更多个静电连接的构建单元（表面活性剂和肽）独立地响应两个外部触发物，例如光和pH。此外，这些SP杂化物可用作无机纳米颗粒矿化的基质。矿化产生SPN混合物，在固态下表现出独立的，外部触发的相变，因此不同的固态结构和性能。除了对这些复杂材料所涉及的基础科学感兴趣之外，SP和SPN混合物将来还可以应用于药物递送，其中两种药物可以从同一实体释放，但释放是由两种不同的外部刺激触发的，例如pH值（周围体液的酸化）和温度（发烧）。所提出的SP和SPN混合物的方法提供了一个<$combinatorial <$$>和一个<$high-throughput <$like的方法，分层有序和功能材料，可以有选择地切换与多种外部刺激。该方法还提供了一个平台，系统地研究复杂有机/无机材料的结构形成和控制背后的基础科学，这些材料具有各种技术的可调特性。

Self-assembly provides a unique means to fabricate novel materials with predictable and adjustable properties. Recently, assemblies that combine structure with function have attracted a great deal of interest for many potential applications.Here, we propose a flexible and simple approach towards new surfactant/peptide (SP) and surfactant/peptide/nanoparticle (SPN) hybrid materials with a defined structure and function. In short, we will combine ionic surfactants with oppositely charged peptides. In doing so, we can construct (supra)molecular building blocks that self-assemble in solution and in the solid state. The peptide responds to external triggers like pH, temperature, salt concentration, etc. If the surfactant contains a mesogen that responds to light, temperature, or pressure, we can fabricate multi-responsive SP hybrids where two or more electrostatically linked building units (surfactant and peptide) respond independently to two external triggers, for example light and pH. Furthermore, these SP hybrids can serve as matrices for the mineralization of inorganic nanoparticles. Mineralization yields SPN hybrids that in the solid state exhibit independent, externally triggered phase transitions and hence different solid-state structures and properties. Besides the interest in the basic science involved in these complex materials, SP and SPN hybrids could in the future for example find application in drug delivery, where two drugs can be released from the same entity, but where the release is triggered by two different external stimuli, for example pH (acidification of the surrounding body fluid) and temperature (fever). The proposed approach to SP and SPN hybrids offers a ¿combinatorial¿ and a ¿high-throughput¿-like approach to hierarchically ordered and functional materials that can be switched selectively with multiple external stimuli. The approach also offers a platform to systematically study the basic science behind structure formation and control in complex organic/inorganic materials with tunable properties for a variety of technologies.