Saccadic adaptation and visual perception

人类通过眼球运动与视觉世界互动。眼跳是一种快速的眼球运动，可以将视线重新定向到环境中的新位置。眼跳由大脑的视觉、视觉-运动区和运动区组成的网络控制。这个网络中的塑料加工确保了扫视准确地指向他们的目标。他们通过监控眼跳成功和调整眼跳参数来减少错误。最近的结果表明，这种被称为眼跳适应的调节不仅影响眼跳运动控制，而且还影响与视觉空间知觉有关的眼动转换的更高阶段。本提案将研究眼跳适应背后的过程及其与视觉加工的关系。扫视通常是为了获取关于场景中对象的新信息。然而，眼跳适应的实验大多是在简单和无意义的点目标上进行的。在正常情况下，扫视的成功与否直接关系到扫视目标的视觉内容、与任务的相关性以及它的动机属性。该项目将决定这些因素是否会影响眼跳学习的效率。其次，该项目将调查非视觉眼位信号在适应机制中所起的作用。在最近的研究表明眼跳适应是眼球在轨道中的位置所特有的之后，我们需要研究眼位对眼跳参数波幅、起点和终点的影响的特异性。此外，我们将调查视网膜外眼球位置信号是否甚至作为适应的独立的、非视觉的学习信号。虽然眼跳后视觉误差是眼跳适应的主要驱动力，但眼位可能会提供有关眼球是否已到达预定目标位置的额外信息。我们将研究这些信息是否被眼球运动系统所使用。工作计划的第三部分将集中于眼跳适应对知觉和认知的影响。先前的研究已经发现适应对知觉定位的影响，这表明眼跳瞄准的错误不仅会影响未来的眼跳表现，还会影响目标位置的视觉感知。这些发现表明，眼跳计划和空间知觉之间存在密切关系。该提案将寻找与视觉功能的另外两个方面，即视觉搜索和视觉工作记忆可能存在的类似关系。

Humans interact with the visual world through eye movements. Saccades are fast eye movements that re-direct gaze to new locations in the environment. Saccades are controlled by a network of visual, visuo-motor and motor areas of the brain. Plastic processes in this network ensure that saccades are accurately directed towards their goal. They do so by monitoring saccadic success and tuning saccade parameters to reduce errors. Recent results have shown that this tuning, called saccadic adaptation, not only affects saccade motor control but also higher stages of the oculomotor transformation that relate to visual space perception. The present proposal will investigate the processes behind saccadic adaptation and their relation to visual processing. Saccades are normally made to acquire new information about an object in the scene. Experiments on saccadic adaptation, however, have mostly been performed with simple and meaningless dot targets. Successful performance of a saccade in normal circumstances is directly related to the visual content of the saccade goal, its relevance to the task, and its motivational properties. The project will determine whether these factors affect the efficiency of saccadic learning. Secondly, the project will investigate the role that non-visual eye position signals play in the mechanisms of adaptation. After recent studies showed that saccadic adaptation is specific to the position of the eye in the orbit we need to investigate the specificity of eye position effects to saccade parameters amplitude, start and end point. Furthermore, we will investigate whether extraretinal eye positions signals even serve as a separate, non-visual learning signal for adaptation. Although the post-saccadic visual error is the main driving force of saccadic adaptation, eye position may provide additional information about whether the eye has reached the intended goal position. We will study whether this information is used by the oculomotor system. The third part of the work program will concentrate on the consequences of saccadic adaptation on perception and cognition. Previous studies have uncovered an influence of adaptation on perceptual localization, suggesting that errors of saccade targeting not only affect future saccade performance but also the visual perception of target locations. These findings suggested an intimate relationship between saccade planning and space perception. The proposal will search for possible similar relationships with two other aspects of visual function, namely visual search and visual working memory.