Collaborative Research: 2D ferroelectric nonlinear metasurface holograms

全息技术在光通信、数据存储、信息安全、医学诊断、彩色显示等领域有着广泛的应用，是一种很有前途的图像记录和再现技术。超颖表面已被广泛用于实现超紧凑和高效的非线性光学全息图，以产生复杂的光束和全息图像。然而，现有的非线性超颖表面全息图存在转换效率低、吸收损耗大、厚度大等问题，极大地阻碍了其在集成光学器件中的实际应用。在这个项目中，一种新型的基于二维材料的可切换非线性超颖表面全息图将被展示，具有高转换效率，但只有纳米厚度。这一研究将有助于光子学在光数据存储和逻辑、光计算、量子信息处理以及平板光电子器件等方面的应用。该项目还包括培训和指导研究生和本科生的教育活动，招募代表性不足的学生和女生，并参加面向高中生的外联活动，超表面已被用于实现非线性全息图，以便在新的频率上相干产生光束和全息图像。然而，现有的非线性等离子体超颖表面全息图具有低转换效率和高吸收损耗，而介电超颖表面的厚度限于几百纳米。本项目的目标是探索一种新型的具有振幅和相位调制的原子薄二维铁电非线性超颖表面全息图，以实现高转换效率的光束产生和全息图像重建的可重构功能。在本计画中，将进行二维铁电体全息图的设计、样品制作与实验表征，以展示非线性光束的产生与复杂全息影像的重建。几种独特类型的2D铁电材料被用来构建具有杰出的非线性响应的开关功能的超颖表面全息图。该项目将揭示结构光和二维材料之间原子尺度上可切换的光-物质相互作用的基本物理学。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Holography has become a promising approach for image recording and reconstruction with a wide range of applications in many fields such as optical communication, data storage, information security, medical diagnosis, and color displays. Metasurfaces have been widely used to realize ultracompact and efficient nonlinear optical holograms for the generation of complex optical beams and holographic images. However, the existing nonlinear metasurface holograms suffer from several issues such as low conversion efficiency, high absorption loss, and large thickness, which greatly hinder their practical uses in integrated optical devices. In this project, a new type of switchable nonlinear metasurface holograms based on 2D materials will be demonstrated with high conversion efficiency but only nanometer thickness. This research will benefit many promising photonic applications in optical data memory and logic, optical computing, quantum information processing, and flat optoelectronic devices. This project also includes educational activities for training and mentoring graduate and undergraduate students, recruiting underrepresented and female students, and participating outreach activities for high school students.Metasurfaces have been utilized to realize nonlinear holograms for coherent generation of optical beams and holographic images at new frequencies. However, the existing nonlinear plasmonic metasurface holograms suffer from low conversion efficiency and high absorption loss, while the dielectric metasurfaces have the thickness limited to several hundreds of nanometers. The goal of this project is to explore a new type of atomically thin 2D ferroelectric nonlinear metasurface holograms with both amplitude and phase modulations for achieving reconfigurable functionalities in optical beam generation and holographic image reconstruction with high conversion efficiency. In this project, the design, sample fabrication, and experimental characterization of 2D ferroelectric holograms will be conducted to demonstrate the production of nonlinear optical beams and the reconstruction of complex holographic images. Several unique types of 2D ferroelectric materials are utilized to construct the metasurface holograms with distinguished switching functionalities in nonlinear responses. This project will reveal the underlying physics of switchable light-matter interactions at the atomic scale between structured light and 2D materials.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.