CAREER: A Multi-dimensional Study of Electromagnetic Interference in Wide Bandgap Power Electronics: Modeling, Estimation, and Mitigation

在宽带隙半导体技术的发展中，电磁干扰是一个重要的问题，其解决需要大量的研究。本研究的目的是对电磁干扰进行多物理场建模和表征，并开发新的有源电磁干扰缓解方法，以促进噪声免疫和高密度WBG功率转换。作为本研究成果的新型滤波解决方案适用于各种功率转换器拓扑结构，包括电机驱动，航空电子，军事，空间和数据中心。在我们的研究中开发的多物理场EMI建模和解决方案可以扩展到特定应用集成电路（ASIC）级和电源管理ic级高速微电子。该项目的研究组成部分集成了电气科学、计算机科学和数学优化，以利用物理信息的EMI模型推进下一代WBG电力电子的实现。该项目的高度跨学科性质将有利于具有系统工程，电气和电子工程背景的下一代学生，他们将获得科学知识和获得开发抗噪声电力电子电路的工程技能。总体而言，长期目标是(a)将先进的电磁干扰建模理论应用于下一代电力电子应用，以及(b)培训不同的工程师群体，使他们意识到电力电子领域的主要设计挑战，并为解决美国未来的能源需求做好充分准备。在本研究中，我们提出了一种新的方法，通过识别高频功率变换器中的谐振电路路径，对电磁干扰源、传播路径和寄生噪声的耦合动力学进行分析建模，从而合成新的有源混合滤波补偿方案。提出的基本突破有：(a)开发共模（CM）噪声源的数学等效模型，随后对高频功率转换器中的寄生元件进行估计，(b)研究电磁干扰对高频功率转换中控制回路稳定性和动态性能的耦合效应，(c)制定用于高密度功率转换的基于多约束体积优化的电磁干扰滤波器设计的统一方法，(d) CM和差分模式（DM）滤波器网络的耦合拓扑集成，用于体积优化和组件计数减少。据估计，拓扑集成有源混合EMI滤波器可以实现50 kW/L的功率密度，与最先进的全无源解决方案相比，体积缩小70%，同时保持99.8%的效率和卓越的电能质量（1度相位位移），并改善CM性能。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

In the advancing domain of wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor technology, electromagnetic interference (EMI) is one of the major concerns, resolving which needs significant research focus. The objective of this research is to perform multi-physics modeling and characterization of EMI and develop new active EMI mitigation methodologies to facilitate noise immune and high-density WBG power conversion. The novel filtering solutions as a product of this research are applicable to a broad family of power converter topologies with a variety of applications including motor drive, avionics, military, space, and data centers. Multi-physics EMI modeling and solutions developed in our research can be extended to application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)-level and power management IC-level high-speed micro-electronics. The research components of this project integrate electrical science, computer science, and mathematical optimization to advance the realization of next-generation WBG power electronics with physics-informed EMI models. The highly interdisciplinary nature of the project will benefit next-generation students with systems engineering, electrical, and electronics engineering backgrounds who will gain scientific knowledge and acquire engineering skills to develop noise-immune power electronic circuits. Overall, the long-term goals are to (a) employ the advanced EMI modeling theories into next-generation power electronics applications, and (b) train the diverse group of engineers to make them aware of the major design challenges in the power electronics field and well-prepared for addressing the future energy needs of the United States. In this research, we propose new methodologies for analytical modeling of the EMI sources, propagation paths, and the coupling dynamics of parasitic noises by identifying the resonating circuit paths in a high-frequency power converter, and thereby synthesize new active-hybrid filtering compensation schemes. The fundamental breakthroughs proposed are: (a) development of mathematical model equivalents for common mode (CM) noise sources followed by estimation of parasitic components in high-frequency power converters, (b) studying the coupling effect of EMI on the control loop stability and dynamic performance in high-frequency power conversion, (c) formulation of a unified methodology for multi-constraint volumetric optimization-based EMI filter design for high-density power conversion, and (d) coupled topological integration of CM and differential mode (DM) filter networks for volumetric optimization and component count reduction. It is estimated that the topologically integrated active-hybrid EMI filters can achieve a power density of 50 kW/L, with a shrinkage of 70% volume compared to state-of-the-art fully passive solutions, while maintaining an efficiency of 99.8% and superior power quality (1 degree phase displacement) and improved CM performance.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.