Ocean Surface Skin Temperature Measurements using an Optimal Spectral Band

本项目旨在开发一种利用辐射计测量海洋皮肤温度的新技术。通常情况下，辐射计的皮肤温度测量是在船上进行的，需要现场两点校准，这是一个单独的天空测量，以解释下流辐射，并且导致发射率的不确定性。PI已经在开发一种利用单点校准方案的辐射计。该项目将利用正在进行的辐射计开发来消除对天空测量的需要，并减少发射率不确定性的影响。结果将是实际和准确的皮肤温度测量可以由无人驾驶的水面车辆和浮标以及海洋研究船进行。准确的皮肤温度观测数据的可用性可能导致近地表分层模型的改进和卫星测量结果的验证。该项目利用PI正在进行的国家科学基金会项目开发红外原位皮肤传感（IRISS）辐射计，以进一步开发一种技术，该技术在测量海洋皮肤温度时消除了对单独天空测量的需要，并显著降低了发射率的影响。该技术使用了一个最佳光谱波段，其中反射的天空辐射来自距离船舶1-2公里范围内的大气。单一环境温度校准和无天空测量相结合的简化将显著提高海洋表面皮肤温度测量的实用性和可及性。因此，从各种观测平台（包括usv、浮标和船舶）进行实际和准确的皮肤温度测量将成为可能。目标是促进皮肤温度测量，其精度可与目前由海洋研究船进行的测量相媲美。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project is to develop a novel technique for measuring the ocean skin temperature from a radiometer. Normally skin temperature measurements from radiometers have been made from ships and have required in situ two-point calibration, a separate sky measurement to account for downwelling radiance, and entail uncertainty in the emissivity. The PI is already developing a radiometer that utilizes a single point calibration scheme. This project will leverage the ongoing radiometer development to eliminate the need for a sky measurement and reduce the effect of emissivity uncertainty. The result will be that practical and accurate skin temperature measurements can be made from unmanned surface vehicles and buoys as well as oceanographic research vessels. The availability of accurate skin temperature observations could lead to improved models for near-surface stratification and validation of satellite measurements.This project leverages an ongoing NSF project by the PI to develop the InfraRed In situ Skin Sensing (IRISS) radiometer for the further development of a technique that eliminates the need for separate sky measurements in measuring ocean skin temperature and provides a significant reduction in the effect of emissivity. The technique uses an optimal spectral band in which the reflected sky radiance is from the atmosphere within a 1-2 km of the ship. The combined simplification of a single ambient temperature calibration and no sky measurement will significantly increase the practicality and accessibility of ocean surface skin temperature measurements. As a result it will be possible to make practical and accurate skin temperature measurements from a variety of observation platforms, including USVs, buoys, and ships. The goal is to facilitate skin temperature measurements with accuracies comparable to those currently made from oceanographic research vessels.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.