Needs within and across borders. Experimental investigations on the stability of transnational need-based distribution procedures

政治分配决定不会止步于国家边界。因此，近年来，对正义问题的科学研究越来越多地涉及全球正义、移徙政治伦理和公平发展政策等问题。在此背景下，我们区分了三种不同的情景：由于更高的移民水平而导致的国家分配领域的变化(1.移民情景)，向中低收入国家转移发展政策(2.转移情景)，或者高收入国家的生产方式以改善国际分工条件以支持其他国家的方式变化(3.结构变化情景)。基于实验研究和理论构建的结合，子项目C1分析了在这三个场景中需求的确定和基于需求的分配的稳定性。使用实验，适应从第一个资助期的基本设计，我们研究了接受更多的个人进入分配社区，向第三方转移付款，或改变支持他人的生产模式(全球再分配)可能会对分配选择的稳定性产生什么影响。我们预计，社会范围的扩大将导致更多的努力来区分需要，从移民情景、转移情景到结构变化情景，这些努力将继续增长。在子项目的理论部分，我们研究是否可以通过区分必要(需要)和适当(充足)来使需要的区分合法化和稳定。运用充分主义理论，我们研究了跨国背景下需求分化可能的规范性稳定性。

Political distribution decisions do not stop at national borders. Therefore, in recent years, scientific research on questions of justice has increasingly addressed questions of global justice, political ethics of migration, and fair development policy. Against this backdrop, we distinguish between three different scenarios: The national arena of distribution changes due to a higher level of immigration (1. immigration scenario), development policy transfers to countries with lower and middle-range incomes increase (2. transfer scenario), or the mode of production in a high-income country changes in a way that improves the conditions of the international division of labor in support of other countries (3. structural change scenario). Based on a combination of experimental research and theory building, subproject C1 analyses how stable the determination of needs and a need-based distribution are within these three scenarios. Using experiments that adapt the basic design from the first funding period, we study what consequences the reception of additional individuals into the distribution community, transfer payments to a third party, or a change in production mode in support of others (global redistribution) may have on the stability of distribution choices. We expect that the expansion of the social range leads to increased efforts to differentiate between needs, in the sense that these efforts will continue to grow starting from the immigration scenario, to the transfer scenario, through to the structural change scenario. In the theoretical part of the subproject, we examine whether the differentiation of need might be legitimized and stabilized through a distinction between the necessary (need) and the adequate (sufficiency). Taking up theories of sufficientarianism, we study the possible normative stabilization of need differentiation in transnational contexts.