The impact of root growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal functional interactions for the acquisition of heterogeneous distributed nutrients in the initial stage of soil development.

初始生态系统土壤的初期定殖由先锋植物主导，先锋植物需要通过根系的发育和分解结合在初始基质中的营养元素来完成其供应基础设施的建设。建造以前命名的用于储存和回收养分资源的结构也是土壤发育初始阶段的关键功能，因为建立有效的养分平衡为真菌和土壤细菌的发育奠定了基础，反过来又改善了植物的养分供应基础设施。土壤养分的分布可以是非常小尺度的异质性，特别是在初始土壤中。在这种情况下，植物适应当地增加的养分和获得这些养分（精确的根觅食）的能力是高度可变的。到目前为止，土壤养分资源的分布与根系生长和丛枝菌根真菌之间的功能相互作用对养分吸收的影响之间的关系在很大程度上是未知的。本项目的目的是研究土壤养分的不均匀分布与孢子和菌丝分布之间的相关性，以及AM真菌的活性与植物精确根系觅食行为之间的相关性。在田间试验的基础上，研究了初始基质中AM真菌孢子的多样性。实验将提供数据的影响，林龄的各种植物物种的AM真菌在土壤中的空间分布，这些参数的季节性影响和收购的异质性分布的营养物质是否与增加AM感染的潜力发生什么差异。在根际试验的基础上，观察了一定时期内养分分布、AM真菌分布与根系生长之间的相互作用。这些实验将提供详细的信息，无论是一个异质分布的营养物质引起精确的根觅食反应，即使没有丛枝菌根真菌的存在，并将提供结果的影响，不同的孢子在土壤中的营养物质的吸收。这些问题的提出将有助于更好地了解土壤发育早期阶段的主要养分获取和一般生态系统的基本养分循环，并为土地复垦的生物学方法提供有价值的信息。

The incipient colonization of soils of initial ecosystems is dominated by pioneer plants that need both, accomplish building their supply infrastructure by development of root systems and by decomposition of nutrient elements which are bound in the initial substrate. The construction of previously named structures for storage and retrievability of nutrient resources is also a key function in the initial phase of soil development, since the establishment of an efficient nutrient balance creates the basis for the development of mycorrhizae and soil bacteria and in turn, improves the nutrient supply infrastructure of plants. Distribution of soil nutrients can be very small-scale heterogeneous, especially in initial soils. In this context, the ability of plants to adapt to locally increased nutrients and to acquire these nutrients (precision root foraging) is highly variable. So far, the relationship between distribution of soil nutrient resources and impact of the functional interaction between root growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient uptake is largely unknown. The aim of the project is to investigate relevant connections between heterogeneous distributed soil nutrients and distribution of spores and hyphae, respectively the activity of AM fungi in relation to the precision root foraging behavior of plants. Based on field experiments diversity of fungal spores of AM-fungi in the initial substrate will be investigated. Experiments will provide data about which influence stand age of various plant species has on the spatial distribution of AM fungi in the soil, what differences occur on these parameters by the seasonal influence and whether acquisition of heterogeneously distributed nutrients is associated with an increased AM-infection potential. On the basis of rhizotron experiments interactions between nutrient distribution, AM-fungal distribution and root growth will be observed over a certain period of time. These experiments will provide detailed information about whether a heterogeneous distribution of nutrients cause a precision root foraging reaction even without the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and will provide results about the effect of different distribution of spores in soil on the uptake of nutrients. Answering of these questions will contribute to a better understanding of dominant, primary nutrient acquisition in the early phase of soil development and basic nutrient cycle in ecosystems in general and provide valuable information for biologically based approaches to land reclamation.