Rapid seasonal thermal adaptation in Chironomus riparius

一年有几代的物种在每一代都可以经历非常不同的环境循环。对于许多外温动物物种，如昆虫，温度是一个重要的环境因素。我们假设每年的温度波动可以驱动自然选择的循环，这对许多物种来说可能很重要。我们建议通过对自然种群的季节性重复样本进行自然实验来解决这个问题，并使用基因组扫描来识别可能对选择做出反应的遗传位点。我们将使用普通的花园实验和实验进化来证实选择作用于这些区域。这项实证研究将得到综合人口遗传、人口和环境建模的支持和加强，以探索选择周期如何作用于基因组，并预测随着气候变暖这将如何变化。我们将进行这项研究与非咬摇蚊，摇蚊riparius。该物种世代时间短，可在实验室饲养，因此可以进行多代适合度实验。最重要的是，它的基因组已经测序，一系列基因组技术可以用来分析该物种的基因组。

Species with several generations per year can experience cycles of very different environments in each generation. For many ectotherm species, like insects, temperature is an important environmental factor. We hypothesise that annual fluctuations in temperature can drive cycles of natural selection, and this might be important for many species. We propose to address this issue with a natural experiment of seasonally repeated samples of natural populations, and use genome scans to identify genetic loci that might be responding to selection. We will use common garden experiments and experimental evolution to confirm that selection is acting on these regions. This empirical research will be supported and enhanced by integrated population genetic, demographic and environmental modelling to explore how cycles of selection act on the genome, and to predict how this will change as the climate warms. We will perform this study with the non-biting midge, Chironomus riparius. This species has short generation times and can be reared in the laboratory, so multigeneration fitness experiments can be carried out. Most importantly, its genome has been sequenced and a range of genomic techniques can be sued to analyse the species' genome.