Dispersal and genetic exchange of lichen populations between Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula (with a focus on human impact)

南极生物群被限制在广泛分散的生境斑块上，导致了高度的地方性、遗传分化和动植物的局部适应，这些特征日益受到人类引入外来物种和目前分化的基因库同质化的威胁。虽然地衣是南极陆地生态系统最重要的初级生产者，但几乎没有关于其遗传结构和多样性的数据。大陆间和大陆内基因流动的水平是完全未知的。因此，目前甚至不可能粗略地评估人类对南极地衣种群目前和未来的影响。在一个正在进行的项目（Pr567/18-1）中，我们正在研究广泛分布的地衣物种的种群遗传结构，并希望评估人类是否引入了外来物种或基因型，以及目前分离的地衣种群的基因库均质化。第二点只能通过比较人类影响高和低的地点来解决。由于西班牙极地委员会的技术困难，对该项目至关重要的利文斯顿岛的考察不得不从2016/17冬季推迟到2018年2月/ 3月。为了使博士生能够发表该项目的核心成果，我要求DFG再资助65%的博士职位5个月，直到2019年3月31日。

The restriction of Antarctic biota to widely scattered habitat patches has led to high levels of endemism, genetic differentiation and local adaptation of fauna and flora, features that are increasingly threatened by human introduction of alien species and homogenization of currently differentiated gene pools. Although lichens are the most important primary producers of Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems there is almost no data on their genetic structure and diversity. Levels of inter- and intracontinental gene flow are entirely unknown. It is therefore currently impossible to even grossly assess the present and future human impact on Antarctic lichen populations.In an ongoing project (Pr567/18-1) we are studying the population genetic structure of widely dis-tributed lichen species and want to assess whether humans have introduced alien species or genotypes and homogenized gene pools of currently isolated lichen populations. The second point can only be addressed by comparison of sites with high and low human impact. Due to technical difficulties on the part of the Spanish Polar Committee an expedition to Livingston Island vital to this project had to be postponed from winter 2016/17 to February/March 2018. In order to enable the PhD student to publish the central results of this project, I ask the DFG to fund the 65% PhD position for a further 5 months until 31 March 2019.