Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age developments in the south-west Baltic area (2500-1500 BC): Why did the Bruszczewo-Leki Male type of power structures appear?

波罗的海西南部地区（SWB --从荷尔斯泰因到大波兰）的北方乌涅蒂茨文化（UC）的社会发展在权力结构的聚集方面具有重要意义。这一过程的原因仍然不清楚;特别是关于早期青铜时代（EBA）社会在新石器时代晚期（LN）背景下发展的根源（例如绳纹陶器和钟形烧杯）。我们的波兰-德国研究EBA加强定居点在EBA在EBA（科西安地区在大波兰）证实，特定的，非常稳定和创新的UC权力聚集存在了几个世纪，被称为EBA男性类型。然而，就像整个SWB领域一样，仍然无法解释它们的起源以及与以前占主导地位的社会文化现象的关系。我们的项目旨在实现两个相互关联的主要目标。首先是确定LN社会的社会文化特征和他们的作用，在建设UC身份的SWB（宏观尺度）。第二个是认识到这些角色是如何在UC（微观）的科西安组中可见的。虽然已经对Alzczewo进行了深入的研究，但仍有必要对Leki Male墓地（档案发现分析）及其最近的邻近地区（测试挖掘和古环境分析）进行深入调查，以解释Alzczewo- Leki Male类型的权力结构，这在SWB中是独一无二的。实现该项目目标的计划方法包括：物质文化研究、经济和社会空间研究以及环境研究。研究框架将分为5个模块。四人（博士或同等学历）关注广泛的视角（SWB），涉及：（1）考古植物学信息和地质考古学档案的比较，（2）定居考古学和社会空间：社会空间和经济组织的比较，（3）新石器时代晚期：绳纹陶器，钟形烧杯和匕首时期组合的类型时间和空间分析，（4）早期青铜时代：对从东荷尔斯泰因到库贾维亚（包括科西安地区）的选定地区进行结构比较的类型年代学和空间分析。第五个模块将涉及加州大学科西安集团的独特案例研究。该项目及其模块将由德国-波兰团队实现，该团队在三个不同的长期科学项目框架内拥有16年的有效合作历史。

The social development of the Northern Unetice culture (UC) of the south-west Baltic area (SWB - from Holstein to Greater Poland) was highly significant regarding the agglomeration of power structures. Reasons for this process still remain unclear; especially concerning the roots of the development of Early Bronze Age (EBA) society against the backdrop of the Late Neolithic (LN) (e.g. Corded Ware and Bell Beakers). Our Polish-German research on the EBA fortified settlement in Bruszczewo (Koscian area in Greater Poland) confirmed that specific, very stable and innovative UC power agglomerations existed for centuries, denoted as the Bruszczewo-Leki Male type. However, just as for the entire SWB area, it is still not possible to explain their origins and relations to previously dominating socio-cultural phenomena. Our project aims to achieve two main interrelated goals. The first is to identify the socio-cultural character of LN societies and their role in the construction of UC identities in the SWB (macroscale). The second is to recognize how these roles are visible in the Koscian group of the UC (microscale). While intensive research was already conducted on Bruszczewo, intensified investigations on the Leki Male cemetery (analysis of archive finds) and its closest vicinity (test excavations and palaeoenvironmental analysis) are still necessary to explain the power structures of the Bruszczewo- Leki Male type, which are unique in the SWB. Planned methods to achieve the goals of the project include: material culture studies, studies on economies and social spaces as well as environmental research. The research framework will be divided into 5 modules. Four of them (PhD or equivalent) concern the wide perspective (SWB) and involve: (1) Comparisons of archaeobotanical information and geoarchaological archives, (2) Settlement Archaeology and Social Space: Comparisons of the organization of social space and the economy, (3) Late Neolithic: Typochronological and spatial analyses of Corded Ware, Bell Beaker and Dagger period assemblages, (4) Early Bronze Age: Typochronological and spatial analyses for a structural comparison of selected regions from East Holstein to Kujawia, including the Koscian area. The fifth module will concern a unique case study of the Koscian group of the UC. The project and its modules will be realized by the German-Polish team, which has a 16-year long history of effective cooperation within the framework of three different long-lasting scientific projects.