The Southern Upper Rhine Valley (Breisgau Baden-Württemberg and Elsass/Haut Rhin) during the Hallstatt Period. Archaeological and bioarchaeological investigations of settlement organization and social structures

由于其地貌、气候和地理特征，莱茵河上游河谷是西北阿尔卑斯哈尔施塔特文化（公元前800-450年）分布区的一个封闭、肥沃、交通便利的景观。它为哈尔施塔特晚期权力结构的发展和变化提供了重要的指示。例如，自19世纪以来，人们就知道在纪念性的土丘中有王子的坟墓。此外，在布赖萨赫（巴登-符滕贝格）的明斯特堡和伊尔富特（上莱茵）附近的布里茨基堡的山丘堡定居点发现的地形和地中海进口表明，它们是中心地点。然而，哈尔施塔特时期发现的综合出版物仍然缺乏，生物考古学数据也不可用。因此，拟议的项目力求分析新旧发掘的发现，并进行人类学调查，为进一步分析奠定基础。研究策略主要取决于发现情况-坟墓的主导地位：传统的坟墓分析将重建土丘和墓地内的埋葬顺序，定义坟墓装饰的模式，并绘制其在埋葬地点内的分布图。其目的是揭示基于墓地组织和坟墓装饰规则的社会结构。通过与骨骼学和稳定同位素分析结果的比较，该项目将揭示坟墓装饰的等级与性别、年龄、起源、饮食和地位的联系程度。地理信息系统对地形位置和土壤质量的分析以及对住区和墓地的距离分析将有助于得出关于住区组织的结论。动物牙齿的锶氧同位素分析将为土地利用模式和畜牧业战略提供指示。与考古记录一起，这些数据将进一步为可能的功能分化、长距离和短距离关系以及定居点的等级分类提供指示。此外，这些调查还涉及明斯特堡和布里茨基堡中心地点之间的相互关系。他们是同时负责自己的领土导致竞争，还是他们先后存在？与此相关，研究揭示了上莱茵河河谷是否是一个文化、经济和政治上统一的地区，莱茵河是一条重要的南北交通动脉，或者莱茵河是否形成了它以东和以西地区的边界。稳定同位素数据也可以通过提供流动性和交换关系的指标来帮助这些评估。

Due to its geomorphological, climatic, and geographical properties, the Upper Rhine Valley is a closed, fertile, and easily accessible landscape in the distribution area of the Northwest Alpine Hallstatt Culture (800-450 BC). It shows significant indication for the development and alteration of structures of power during the Late Hallstatt Period. For instance, princely graves in monumental mounds are known since the 19th century. Furthermore, the topographical situation and Mediterranean imports found at the hillfort settlements of the Münsterberg in Breisach (Baden-Württemberg) and the Britzgyberg near Illfurth (Haut-Rhin) suggest that they were central places. However, comprehensive publications of the Hallstatt period finds are still lacking and bioarchaeological data are neither available. Therefore, the proposed project seeks to analyze the finds of old and new excavations and to conduct anthropological investigations which build the foundation for further analyses. The research strategy is primarily determined by the find situation - the dominance of graves: Traditional grave analyses will reconstruct burial sequences in the mounds and within cemeteries, define patterns of grave furnishing and map their distribution within the burial sites. This aims on disclosing social structures based on the organization of the cemeteries and rules of grave furnishing. In comparison with the results of osteological and stable isotope analyses, the project will disclose to which extent the hierarchy of grave furnishing was connected to sex, age, origin, diet, and status. GIS analyses of the topographic locations and soil quality in connection with distance analyses of settlements and cemeteries will allow conclusions on settlement organization. Strontium and oxygen isotope analyses of animal teeth will provide indication for land use patterns and animal husbandry strategies. Together with the archaeological record these data will furthermore provide indication for possible functional differentiation, long and short distance relations as well as hierarchical classifications of settlements. The investigations, moreover, address the relations of the central places of Münsterberg and Britzgyberg to each other. Were they contemporarily responsible for own territories leading to competition, or did they exist successively? Connected to this, the research discloses if the Upper Rhine Valley was a culturally, economically, and supposedly also politically uniform area with the Rhine as an important north-south traffic artery, or if the river formed a border between the territories east and west of it. The stable isotope data can also contribute to these evaluations by providing indications for mobility and exchange relations.