Beyond the Crisis in Pentateuchal Studies: Benno Jacob as Instigator for Modern Pentateuchal Exegesis

Benno Jacob（1862-1945）死后出版的《出埃及记注释》（1997）和他重新出版的《创世记注释》（2000年，1934年首次出版）在摩西五经学术界得到了广泛和积极的认可：这两篇注释都被称为“圣经解释的经典文献”。他的作品对利未记评注是以前未出版，因此几乎不为人知。它们是Benno Jacob的文学遗产的一部分，由耶路撒冷希伯来大学的Shimon Gesundeland教授和Hans-Christoph Aurin博士于2013年至2017年进行了编目和部分转录。在这项准备工作之后，DFG项目的第一阶段（2017-2020）允许编辑，评论并与当前的研究进行对话。其结果，即本诺·雅各布关于上帝的名字问题的手稿，特别是关于来源批评和一般的历史批判研究和训诂学，将于2020年与卡尔沃出版社出版。在本卷成功出版后，该项目现在可以把注意力转向他对利未记1-3、8和17-20的评论以及关于本书的主题文章。1941年，在伦敦流亡期间，本诺·雅各布在书中写到了他在《利未记》上的工作：“我已经成功地解开了即使是最错综复杂的结。人们无法相信这种所谓的干物质是多么有趣，（字面上！）真好吃。“这项工作也让他多次修改了对《出埃及记》评论的解释。除其他事项外，他决定只在与利未记8章有关的地方评论出埃及记29章所描述的圣职。这一解释的出版以及本诺·雅各布遗产中的其他手稿，从而完成了他有影响力的《出埃及记注释》，并为所谓的《祭司著作》（Priesterschrift）和《圣洁法典》提供了新的解经视角。Benno Jacob对文本作为语言艺术作品的解释和他对历时研究的激烈批评为历史批判和规范工作的注释者提供了重要的参考点。为了使作品更容易获得，将为所有手册脚本准备详细的介绍-就像项目的第一阶段一样-这将显示Benno Jacob当时的研究状况和当前的研究状况，并将Benno Jacob的文本观察和解释与当前的学术话语对话。除了导言外，手稿将再次以脚注加以注释。

Benno Jacob's (1862–1945) posthumously published Exodus Commentary (1997) and his re-published Genesis Commentary (2000, first published in 1934) are widely and positively received in Pentateuch scholarship: Both commentaries are called "Classic Literature of Bible Interpretation". His works on a Leviticus Commentary are previously unpublished and therefore almost unknown. They are part of Benno Jacob's literary estate, which was catalogued and partly transcribed by Prof. Dr. Shimon Gesundheit and Dr. Hans-Christoph Aurin at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem from 2013 to 2017. Subsequent to this preparatory work, a first phase of this DFG-project (2017–2020) allowed the resulting fundamental, early Pentateuch studies to be edited, commented on and placed in dialogue with current research. The result, i.e. Benno Jacob’s manuscripts on the problem of the names of God, on source criticism in particular and on historical-critical research and exege-sis in general, among other things, will be published in 2020 with Calwer-Verlag. Following the successful publication of this volume, the project can now turn its attention to his commentaries on Lev 1–3; 8 and 17–20 as well as thematic essays on this book. In 1941, while in exile in London, Benno Jacob wrote about his work on the book Leviticus: "I have succeeded in untangling even the most intricate knots. One cannot believe how interesting this supposedly dry matter is and (literally!) how tasty it is." This work also led him to revise his interpretations in the Exodus commentary several times. Among other things, he decided to comment on the ordination described in Exodus 29 only in connection with Leviticus 8. The publication of this interpretation and the other manuscripts from the estate of Benno Jacob thus completes his influential Exodus Commentary and offers new exegetical perspectives on the so-called Priestly Writing (Priesterschrift) and the Holiness Code. Benno Jacob’s interpretation of the text as a linguistic work of art and his vehement criticism of diachronic research offer important points of reference both for historically critical and canonically working exegetes. To make the work easier to access, detailed introductions will be prepared for all manu-scripts – as in the first phase of the project – which will show both the state of research at the time of Benno Jacob and the current state of research and will bring Benno Jacob’s textual observations and interpretations into dialogue with the current scholarly discourse. In addition to the introductions, the manuscripts will again be annotated by footnotes.