Representation and transfer of detailing operations on the basis of formal graph transformation systems

细节设计过程在设计过程中扮演着重要的角色，因为设计决策（通常是隐含的）对最终的建筑在能源效率、可用性、实现成本等方面有重大影响。所选择的详细程度与规划过程的进度有关；在设计过程开始时必要的基本决策由相应的抽象设计来表示，该抽象设计不断地丰富细节，从而形成更具体的模型。在子项目的第一阶段进行的开发层次（LOD）的正式规范的元模型的开发，为在早期阶段支持基于模型的设计过程提供了重要的基础。然而，如何在不同的设计变体之间传递详细决策的问题仍未得到解决。同时，这方面具有决定性的实际重要性，因为通常一种设计变型是详细制定的，但后来由于设计边界条件的变化，又要跟踪另一种变型，并且必须再次详细制定。在子项目第二阶段的过程中，将研究如何将详细的过程正式记录下来，并灵活地转移到备选变体中。将开发基于图变换系统的方法，并研究它们与参数化设计系统的耦合。所追求的概念是，图形在一定的细节层次上表示构建模型的一个部分，并且图形转换规则的应用程序以这样一种方式操作这个图形，它随后在更精细的细节层次上描述这个部分。这样，就有可能以计算机可解释的方式表示详细的过程和相关知识，并使其可重用。完全的自动化并不是明确的目标。相反，用户可以根据自己的经验和背景知识，选择一些详细的规则，从中选择最合适的规则。该方法以一种通用的方式进行阐述，并为有限数量的设计实体和用例实现范例。提出的方法是通过将图形转换方法与参数化BIM系统相结合来实现的。为了实现这个子项目，计划与所有其他子项目密切合作，例如，开发决策支持和文档的程序，探索合适的图形表示，整合与能源和结构相关的仿真方面，以及通过参考项目验证总体方法。

The process of detailing plays an important role in the design process, as design decisions are made (often implicitly) that have a significant impact on the resulting building in terms of energy efficiency, usability, realisation costs, etc. The chosen level of detail correlates with the progress of the planning process; the fundamental decisions necessary at the beginning of the design process are represented by a correspondingly abstract design, which is successively enriched with details resulting in a more concrete model. The development of the meta-model for the formal specification of levels of development (LOD) conducted in the first phase of the subproject, provides an important basis for supporting model-based design processes in early phases. However, the question of how detailing decisions can be transferred between different design variants remains unsolved. At the same time, this aspect is of decisive practical importance, since often one design variant is worked out in detail, but later, due to changed design boundary conditions, another variant is followed up and has to be detailed again. In the course of the second phase of the subproject, it will be investigated how detailing processes can be formally recorded and flexibly transferred to alternative variants. Methods based on graph transformation systems will be developed and their coupling with parametric design systems will be investigated. The concept pursued is that a graph represents a section of the building model in a certain level of detail and the application of graph transformation rules manipulates this graph in such a way that it subsequently describes this section in a finer level of detail. In this way, it is possible to represent detailing processes and the associated knowledge in a computer-interpretable way and to make it reusable. A complete automation is explicitly not aimed at. Instead, the user has a number of detailing rules at her disposal from which she selects the most suitable one on the basis of experience and contextual knowledge. The methodology is elaborated in a generic manner and implemented exemplarily for a limited number of design entities and use cases. The proposed method is prototypically implemented by combining the graph transformation methodology with a parametric BIM system. For the realization of this subproject, an intensive cooperation with all other subprojects is planned, e.g. for developing procedures of decision support and documentation, for exploring suitable graph representations, for integrating simulation-relevant aspects related to energy and structure as well as for validating the overall methodology by means of the reference project.